MEMOIRS
OF THE
CAENEGIE MUSEUM.
Vol. VI. No. 7.
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE .MUSEUM.
By C. R. Eastman.
Part IV. Descriptive Catalog of Fossil Fishes from the Lithographic
Stone of Solenhofen, Bavaria.*
(Plates LVII-LXXIII.)
The present paper deals with tlie fossil fishes from Solenhofen, and is jM-inci-
pally based upon the fine collection of these acquired through the generosity of
Mr. Andrew Carnegie in 1903, w^hen the paleontological treasures ama.s.>^ed In-
Baron Bayet were purchased for the Museum. The Bayet Collection, by far
the largest and most important assemblage of Mesozoic fishes from European
localities to be found in any institution on this side of the Atlantic, compares
favorably with many of the best known European collections from the same
locality. A splendid suite of specimens illustrating the ichthyic and reptilian
fauna of the Solenhofen deposits is to be seen on exhibition in the Hall of Fossil
Vertebrates, where it constitutes an imposing display.
* III July, liU3, Dr. C. R. Eastman submiftpd to the Director a manuscript upon the Fos-sil
Fishes from Solenhofen contained in the Carnegie Museum. For reasons, which it is not noce.s.sary here
to state, various delays occurred in the preparation of the manuscript for publication and of the plate*.
which accompany it. The present paper cannot be accepted as a perfect catalog of the fos.sil fishes from
Solonlu.fen contained in the Carnegie Museum, but because it embodies .some valuable information and
tends to throw new light upon the subject the Kditor gives it to the public. W. ./. Holland.
389
390 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
It must be regarded as an exceedingly fortunate circumstance for paleontology
that calcareous deposits of the kind known as Lithographic Stone should occur
in the Upper Jurassic rocks of various parts of Europe, more especially in northern
Bavaria and in the Department of Ain, France, because of the excellence of preser-
vation in this medium of the most delicate structures and impressions.
Laid down in the shallow lagoons of coral atolls in the form of fine calcareous
ooze, the material itself, and the conditions under which it was deposited, lent
themselves to the registration with extreme fidelity of the structural features of
the organisms which were imbedded in it. In consequence it not infrequently
happens in the case of the fishes that we are acquainted not only with the entire
skeletal anatomy and the minute details of the hard parts, but even with soft
tissues, such as the muscular fibres, the air-bladder, the intestinal tract, the fin-
membranes, and in a few rare instances with the egg-capsules of cartilaginous
forms. The favorable circumstances of preservation, to which these structures
and others equally delicate, such as the plumage of Archceopteryx and impressions
of Medusce bear witness, have enabled us to study fossil organisms embedded in
hard rock with a degree of minuteness, which is scarcely possible elsewhere through-
out the stratigraphic column.
A few words as to the general character of the ichthyic fauna of Solenhofen
may be appropriate. It is chiefly composed, as is the universal rule in strata of
Mesozoic age, of "ganoids," that is, of teleostomous fishes belonging to both the
Crossopterygian and Actinopterygian orders. A number of interesting survivals
of archaic types are to be observed, not the least remarkable among which belong
to the group of primitive sturgeons, Chondrostei, and to the characteristically
Mesozoic suborder known as Protospo7idyli. Examples are furnished under either
head by the genera Coccolepis and Homoeolepis which are the terminal members
of the long-lived series to which they respectively belong, the Palceoniscidce and
Semionotidce. Undina presents another illustration.
The Dipnoan subclass, which formed so important an element of the Paleozoic
vertebrate fauna, is without known representatives in the strata under considera-
tion, or indeed anywhere in the Jurassic, the group having declined markedly in
the Trias, although its more generahzed members continued to survive until
modern times.
Coincident with the decline of Paleozoic lung-fishes is to be noted the almost
total extinction of Elasmobranchs toward the close of the older era, in which they
had been especially prolific. Nevertheless fragmentary remains of this class are
recognizable in rocks of Triassic age, and entire skeletons of undoubted Selachians
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 391
(Palceospinax) are known first from the Lower Lias. These latter have completed
vertebral centra, and the Upper Jura furnishes examples of well-formed vertebrae
of the types characteristic of modern sharks and rays, that is to say, truly astero-
spondylic and tectospondylic vertebral centra. Students of the group are well
aware that, as was first demonstrated by Prof. Carl Haase, the time-honored
division of Selachii into sharks and rays corresponds very closely to constant
differences displayed by the structure of the vertebral bodies. In the rays, or
Tedospondyli, a series of concentric lamellae surrounds the primitive double cone
of each vertebral centrum; in the majority of sharks (Asterospondyli) the centra,
when fully developed, are strengthened by longitudinal ridges or radiating lamina?,
which, when viewed in transverse section, present a stellate appearance.
Typical representatives, therefore, of the suborders embracing modern sharks
are met with in the fauna of the Lithographic Stone of Bavaria. Nearly complete
examples are known of a shark resembling the recent Cestracion (Heterodontus),
and the same is true of certain dog-fishes, Scyllium and Pristivrus, while beautifully
preserved skeletons of Squatina and Rhinobatus, scarcely to be distinguished from
their modern successors, occur in the same horizon. Turning our attention finally
to the order or sub-class of Holocephali, this is represented in the fauna under
discussion by two genera, Chimceropsis and Ischyodus. The collections of the
Carnegie Museum do not contain examples of either of the two last-named genera,
but the deficiency is more than compensated by a number of splendidly preserved
rays, including a magnificent Rhinobatus from Eichstiidt, the counterpart of which
is figured in von Zittel's "Handbuch der Palaontologie," Vol. Ill, p. 102.
An inspection of the subjoined classificatory scheme will permit the major
divisions of the class Pisces, which enter into the constitution of the fauna of the
Lithographic Stone, to be recognized at a glance.
Class PISCES.
Subclass. Order. Suborder.
(Pleuropterygii) Not represented.
{Ichthyotomi.) "
_, , , . (AcantJiodei.) "
Elasmobranchtx -i - r. 7 , • •
beiaclni.
Plagiostomi , „ . , .
I Batoidei.
Holocephali Chimceroidei.
392 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
Subclass. Order. Suborder.
Crossopterygii Actinistia.
Chondrostei.
Holostei.
Teleostei.
Teleostomi
After these brief introductory remarks we pass on to the enumeration of the
genera and species of the fishes from Solenhofen which are represented in the
collections of the Carnegie Museum.
CLASS PISCES.
Sub-Class I. ELASMOBRANCHII.
"The Elasmobranchs are certainly a very primitive race of Fishes. Their
earliest representatives of whose structure we have any precise knowledge (e. g.,
Cladoselache and Pleuracanthus) are in many respects the most archaic of known
gnathostomatous Craniates, and from such types as these, among others, we
may very reasonably look for the ancestors of all or most of the remaining groups
of Fishes. It has been well said of Pleuracanthus that ' it is a form of Fish which
might with Uttle modification become either a Selachian, Dipnoan, or Crossop-
terygian,'^ while the condition of the primary upper jaw in the Chondrostean
Polyodon suggests that even the more primitive Actinopterygii had an Elasmo-
branch origin." (Cambridge Natural History, Fishes, pp. 435-6.)
We here follow the arrangement adopted by Professor T. W. Bridge in the
Cambridge Natural History, grouping the Selachians and Batoidei under the
ordinal term of Plagiostomi. It should be borne in mind, however, that authorities
are not agreed as to the propriety of maintaining these subdivisions in the ordinary
manner, that is, classifying as sharks those cartilaginous fishes which have lateral
gill-clefts, and as rays those with ventral giU-clefts. More or less constant differ-
ences exist with regard to the manner of speciahzation of the vertebral centra,
as indicated by the terms asterospondylic and tectospondylic, and it is further
recognized that modern sharks and rays form two approximately natural groups,
the former tending towards agility in swimming, the latter towards expertness in
feeding on the bottom. Although a few existing sharks have become adapted
for life on the sea-bottom and have a depressed form of body, nevertheless they
do not have the enlarged pectoral fins which belong to the rays, and the anal fin
in no case disappears, as it does in the latter.
' Smith Woodward, Vert. Palseont., 1898, p. 32.
. CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 393
Order PLAGIOSTOMI.
Suborder SELACHII.
Family CESTRACIONTID^.
Genus Cestracion Cuvier.
"To this existing genus, commonly known as the Port Jackson shark, have
been referred certain skeletal remains, not as yet satisfactorily distinguished from
it, which occur in the Lithographic Stone of Bavaria. The type-specimen, upon
which the so-called 'Acrodus falcifer' Wagner (= Cestracion) was founded, is
preserved in the Paleontological Museum at Munich, and other imperfect portions
of the skeleton are to be seen in the British Museum. None, however, exhibits
the entire outline and fin-characters at all satisfactorily."^
1. Cestracion falcifer Wagner.
(For references to the literature prior to 1911 cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss.
Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. I, p. 332.)
1911. Cestracion falcifer C. R. Eastman, Amer. Journ. Sci. (4), Vol. XXXI, p. 400.
"The typical example of this species shows every indication of being an adult
individual and is estimated to have had a total length of about 40 cm. In it the
two dorsal fin-spines are seen to be of unequal size, both are slightly recurved,
and that of the anterior dorsal is inserted at a point about midway between the
origin of the pectorals and posterior dorsal fin. It would appear from the pub-
Ushed figures, also, that the pelvic pair arises opposite the first dorsal; and the
shagreen granules are described as ' schaufelformige oder kornelige,' without being
markedly differentiated in size.
"To this species has been referred by von Zittel (loc. cit., p. 77) a well pre-
served smaller individual, the total length of which is only 12.5 cm., or less than
one-third of that of the type. According to the same author this smaller speci-
men, which he regards as the young of C. falcifer, has feebly striated lateral teeth,
and is provided with enlarged stellate tubercles in the dorsal region. The descrip-
tion of this feature reads: 'Neben den schaufelformig gestaltctcn Chagrinschuppen
liegen in der Riickenregion kurze gekrummte Stacheln, welche sich auf cincr
vierstrahligen Basis erheben.'
"It cannot escape notice that the smaller example just referred to presents
characters in common with the well-preserved specimen in the Carnegie Museum
from the same horizon and locality, immediately to be described as the type of a
2 Eastman, C. R., Am. Jour. Sci. (4), Vol. XXXI, p. 400.
394 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
new species, and it seems proper to associate under the latter head the small
shark, which von Zittel regarded as the young of C. falcifer."^
2. Cestracion zitteli Eastman. (Plate LVII, fig. 1.)
1911. Cestracion zitteli C. R. Eastman, Amer. Journ. Sci. (4), Vol. XXXI, p. 401,
pi. I.
Type. — Nearly complete skeleton; Carnegie Museum (Cat. No. 4423).
"The example, which is here regarded as typifying a distinct species, merits
special attention on account of its being probably the most perfect post-Liassic
Cestraciont shark, which has thus far been discovered in the fossil state. Agreeing
in principal characteristics with the small form described by von Zittel as the
young of C. falcifer, as above stated, its features are nevertheless judged to be
sufficiently distinctive to warrant a separation from that species.
"The more important differences relate to the position of the dorsal fins,
form and relative size of the dorsal fin-spines, number and size of the vertebral
centra, and presence of a series of enlarged, radially ridged, and acutely conical
shagreen tubercles along the back. A comparison of characters displayed by the
dentition in the type-specimen is impossible, as the teeth are unfortunately not
preserved, but in the small Munich example, which may be with entire propriety
associated with the type now under description, the lateral teeth are said to be
'mit einer Anzahl von Zacken versehen.' This may be understood to mean that
the oral surface is faintly rugose, transversely striated perhaps, or else that the
coronal margin is slightly indented. In any case, however, the teeth must have
been exceedingly minute.
"A summary of the chief features of interest presented by the type-specimen
may be given as follows : Form of body slender and elongate ; total length from
extremity of snout to that of the vertebral column about 15 cm. Vertebral centra
varying somewhat in length, being more compressed in a longitudinal direction
vmderneath the second dorsal fin. About twenty-five centra occupy the interval
between the bases of the two dorsal fin-spines, and it is noteworthy that these
latter abut almost directly against the column. . . . The spines themselves are
of relatively large size, smooth, sharply pointed distally, and only slightly arcuate
or recurved."* They were evidently deeply implanted in the soft parts, but have
become to a slight extent displaced from association with the front margin of the
fins prior to fossilization.
' Eastman, I. c.
* Eastman, C. R., Am. Jour. Sci. (4), Vol. XXXI, 1911, p. 401.
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
395
"Portions of the fin-membrane or shagreen-covering of the pectoral pair, as
well as the greater part of the pelvic, anal, and caudal fins are preserved. The
anal is nearly opposite the posterior dorsal, and except for being more sharply
pointed, resembles it in form and proportions. The pelvic pair is decidedly acumi-
nate, and placed midway between the anal and pectoral pair. The pelvics slightly
exceed the second dorsal in size, which latter is somewhat higher and longer than
the first dorsal; and the depth [width] of the pectorals is about one third greater
than that of the pelvic pair. Nearly the entire front margin of the right pectoral
fin is preserved, but the distal portion of the left pectoral is either concealed or
broken away. The same is true of the terminal part of both lobes of the caudal."^
The general outline of body and position of all the fins is shown in Plate LVII,
fig. 1. The shaded area immediately behind the head and thoracic region indi-
cates a fracture in the containing rock.
The configuration of the head is well shown by a continuous mass of calcified
cartilage and closely crowded shagreen granules preserved in natural position.
Teeth are not visible, the head being exposed from the dorsal aspect without indi-
cations of mouth-parts. Two forwardly placed openings are probably to be
interpreted as nasal and orbital respectively.
Fine shagreen granules bearing each a single acuminate recurved spine occur
in regular series everywhere over the surface of the bodj^ and cover the fin-membranes
as well. Just above the vertebral column and evidently indicating the median
<.%y
x-^^^^
s b
Fig. 1. Surface view of the dermal denticles of Scyllium sp. (From Bridge after Klaatsch,
Cambridge Natural History, Vol. on Fishes, p. 184, fig. 99.) b, basal plate; c, canal which perforates
basal plate and becomes the axial pulp-cavity of the spine; /.6., intersecting fibrous bands of the dermis;
s, spine; in the spine of one scale the dentinal tubules are shown. The smaller denticles are those most
recently formed.
line of the back is a longitudinal series of spinules corresponding to ridge-scales,
which extends from the anterior dorsal fin caudad nearly to the base of the upper
lobe of the tail.
' Eastman, C. R., I. c, pp. 401-402.
396 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
These spinules are not very greatly enlarged, but in advance of the first dorsal
fin they become interspersed with, and finally replaced by, a series of much larger
shagreen-scales, the surface of which is elevated into a number of sharp ridges
radiating from a common point of intersection. These stellate spicules are longest
along the front margin of the first dorsal fin, but smaller ones of similar form, or
more frequently with two rays meeting at right angles, are distributed over the
region of the head. These structures are no doubt identical with those described
by von Zittel as " vierstriihUge Schuppen" in the Munich example already referred
to. Klaatsch's figure of the shagreen-denticles in a modern dogfish is reproduced
herewith to illustrate the manner of arrangement. Both the shagreen and calcified
cartilage in various portions of the body are exquisitely preserved in the specimen.
Family SCYLLID^ (Dog-Fishes) .
Genus Phorcynus^ Thiolliere.
Dorsal fins above the pelvics and anal respectively, which latter are small.
Form of body slender, length of head contained about five times in the total length.
Tail of moderate length, with axis flexed upward in well-developed superior caudal
lobe.
3. Phorcynus catulinus Thiolliere. (Plate LVII, fig. 2.)
1854. Phorcynis catulina Thiolliere, Poissons Fossiles etc. dans le Bugey, p. 9.
1889. Phorcynis catulina A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. I,
p. 458.
1911. Phorcynus catulinus C. R. Eastman, Am. Journ. Sci. (4), Vol. XXXI,
pp. 402-3.
This is the only known species and type of the genus, which attains a length
of about 40 cm. In the form and position of the fins it closely resembles the
recent Ginglymostoma, except for the slightly more anterior origin of the first and
second dorsals.
= Phorcynis Thiollifere; Phorcynus Eastman, Am. Journ. Sci. (4), Vol. XXXI, 1911, p. 402 {errore).
{Error hie iteratus). The Editor talies occasion to emphatically protest against the change which has
been made in this generic name by Dr. Eastman. The change is contrary to the laws of priority (cf.
Proc. Seventh Internat. Zool. Congress, p. 43, Art. 19). Thiolliere in forming the name took the stem
of the Greek noun ^opxCs, which is <t>opKiv-, and added the feminine ending «, thus forming a noun, which
may be interpreted to m ean " a sea-goddess." He might better have added the Greek inflectional ending
ri, but he did not. At this date, after the name has been accepted by two generations of scholars, it is
rather late to propose a modification. At the insistence of Dr. Eastman I leave the name as he has
spelt it, but record my protest against the liberty he has taken. If arbitrary changes like this are con-
stantly to be made, there never will be any possibility of arriving at " a stable scientific nomenclature "
in ichthyology, or any other of the natural sciences. W. J. Holland.
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 397
"Our knowledge of this species has depended hitherto solely upon the type
specimen, which lacks the anal and is in other respects incomplete. It must be
regarded, therefore, as an extremely fortunate occurrence that a second and more
perfect example of this forerunner of modern Dogfishes should have been dis-
covered a half-century after the first was found, and should provide the means of
further enlightenment concerning this genus and species.
"The total length of the Carnegie Museum specimen, which bears the catalogue
number 4780, is a trifle less than 40 cm. It is a little difficult to determine the
exact length of the head, but it was apparently contained between five and six
times in the total length. The outline of the cranial roof, including the orbits on
either side, and that of the lower jaw, is clearly shown. In the ethmoidal region
and elsewhere in the body, the rounded or polygonal tesserae of the endoskeletal
cartilage are beautifully displayed, and the same remark applies to the fine shagreen-
granules occurring throughout the integument. Just beneath the orbital cavity
are to be seen impressions of a few minute teeth, each provided with one principal
and a pair of lateral cusps.
"The vertebral column is preserved intact ahnost to the extremity of the
tail, being flexed upward to support the upper caudal lobe. Ninety-six vertebral
centra are to be counted in continuous series, and it is probable that not more than
five or six are missing from the posterior extremity. The centra are of the usual
hour-glass form, and do not call for any special comment.
"Both the median and paired fins are very well preserved. The pectorals
are large, lappet-like, not abruptly truncated distally as in modern representatives
of Scyllium, but obtusely pointed, as is the case in Cretaceous species of Palce-
oscyllium. The low pelvic fins arise at a point opposite the middle of the first
dorsal. The endoskeletal supports consist of at least a dozen segmented radialia.
The first dorsal arises at about the middle of the back, is of triangular form and
moderate height, with twelve or more strong radialia. The second dorsal is similar
to the first, but smaller, and the gently rounded anal lies directly beneath its
posterior half. The tail is strongly heterocercal, in this respect differing from
Palceoscyllium and resembling the recent Ginglymostoma.
"A minor feature which deserves perhaps casual mention is the preservation
within the intestinal tract, near the vent, of portions of undigested food, including
small ganoid scales, fragments of a small finelj^ striated dorsal fin-spine (doubtless
the young of some Cestraciont shark), and a number of small Echinoid spines,
besides a few Foraminifera tests. "^
' Eastman, I. c.
398 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
The close resemblance between the genus and species under consideration and
the form described by Wagner as Paloeoscyllium formosiim, from the Kimmeridgian
of Solenhofen, appears to have been overlooked by students of fossil fishes gener-
ally. This inadvertence is perhaps attributable, however, to the imperfect con-
dition of the type-specimen which served for Thiolliere's description, although in
the text it is stated that the anal fin has not been preserved, and the outlines of
all the others are indicated merely by a slight discoloration of the matrix. "Le
contour du corps et de toutes les nageoires est indique seulement par la coloration
differente de la pierre, et le relief n'est sensible que pour la colonne dorsale"
(I. c, p. 10). Judging from the published figure, the fin, which ThioUiere interprets
as one of the pelvics, is more properly to be regarded as a displaced pectoral belonging
to the opposite side of the body. If a pelvic, it must have been displaced forwards.
Genus Paloeoscyllium Wagner.
"First dorsal fin above or partly behind the pelvics; origin of second dorsal
in advance of the anal, which is small. Tail of moderate length."^ Teeth minute,
with at least one pair of lateral cusps.
4. Palaeoscylliixm formosum Wagner.
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Ft. I, p. 338.)
This species, which is the type of the genus, attains a length of about 40 cm.
Pectoral fins large, in form resembling those of the existing Scyllium. Pelvic fins
completely beneath the first dorsal; anal fin beneath the hinder portion of the
second dorsal. Vertebral column composed of about one hundred asterospondylic
centra.
Known only by the original of Wagner's figure and description, this species
is worthy of notice in this connection on account of its close affinity to the pre-
ceding genus. The Cretaceous ThyelUna of Agassiz is also a near ally.
Suborder BATOIDEI.
Family SQUATINID^.
Genus Squatina Dumeril.
AH known fossil Squatinidse exhibit the characters of this, the single surviving
genus, and are consequently referred to it. The earliest species are of Upper
Jurassic age. They resemble sharks in having lateral gill-clefts, but agree wdth
Rhinobatus in the forward extension and lateral expansion of the pectoral fins;
8 A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes, Vol. I, p. 338.
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 399
and their general structure points to their being probably survivors of ancestral
rays.
5. Squatina alifera Munster. (Plate LXVII, fig. 2.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. I, p. 66.)
"Head gently rounded and blunt in front. Dermal granules varying from
simple or stellate hooklets to blunt, rounded tubercles; no great mass of the latter
observed in advance of the head or paired fins. Caudal fin very large" (A. S.
Woodward, I. c, Pt. I, p. 67).
One excellently preserved specimen belonging to this species, in some respects
more perfect than the type, is to be seen on exhibition in the Hall of Vertebrate
Paleontology of the Carnegie Museum. The structure of the head, pectoral and
pelvic arches, fin-rays, the dentition, etc., is very well shown. The anterior dorsal
and caudal fins are not indicated. The posterior dorsal fin is triangular, of com-
paratively large size, and situated about midway the length of the tail, as in the
type. The total length of the fish is about 88 cm.
6. Squatina minor Eastman. (Plate LVII, fig. 3.)
1911. Squatina minor C. R. Eastman, Amer. Journ. Sci. (4), Vol. XXXI, p. 403,
PL III.
Type. — Complete skeleton; Carnegie Museum (Cat. No. 4737).
In general like the preceding species, but distinguished from it by its smaller
size (total length 49 cm.), relatively narrower disk, and more posterior position of
both dorsal fins. The first dorsal arises at a point about one-third of the distance
between the hinder extremity of the pelvic fins and the tip of the tail; the second
dorsal midway between the latter point and origin of the first dorsal. The denti-
tion and other characters are as in the typical species.
The differential characters given in the foregoing diagnosis are considered of
sufficient weight to warrant a specific separation between the form here described
and its larger contemporary which accompanies it in the same locality, S. alifera.
Not more than two or three examples of the latter form have thus far been brought
to light, so far as published information goes, and the holotype of the recently
described allied species is unique. Hence the genus Squatina must be regarded
as having been represented very sparsely and by not more than three species at
the time of its advent in the Upper Jura of Solenhofen.
400 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
7. Squatina speciosa H. von Meyer. (Plate LXVIII, fig. 3.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Ft. I, p. 67.)
Several nearly perfect examples of this small ray are preserved in the Carnegie
Museum, the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts,
and the British Museum. Those in the first-mentioned institution bear the catalog
numbers 4052, 4053 (in counterpart) and 4054. One of them is noteworthy for
displaying to excellent advantage, the contour of the body in the form of an im-
pression but no new details are added to our previous knowledge of the species.
Family RHINOBATID^E.
"This family dates from the Upper Jurassic and is at present widely distrib-
uted, being represented by about five genera and twelve species. Most of these
are inhabitants of tropical and subtropical seas." Cf. Cambridge Natural History,
Fishes, p. 460.
Genus Rhinobatus Klein.
The nomenclature and synonymy of this genus, from which the family derives
its name, is discussed by Garman in his memoir on the Plagiostomia pubhshed in
1913. Variously written as Rhinobates, Rhinobatos, and Rhinobatus, the estab-
lishment of the genus under the last-named style is credited by Garman to J. T.
Klein, 1776, the type being fixed as Raia rhinobatos Linne, 1758. Most writers,
following Miiller & Henle, have ascribed the authorship of the genus to Bloch
{ed. Schneider, 1801).
8. Rhinobatus bugesiacus (ThioUiere) . (Plate LXVI, fig. 2.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. I, p. 78.)
"Snout produced and acute, the two rostral ridges narrow, and separated by
a broad groove throughout their length. Cleft of mouth straight. Disk moder-
ately broad; length of pectoral fin nearly 232 times its breadth at the point of
insertion. Skin covered with fine shagreen, without large tubercles or spines"
(A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes, Part I, p. 78).
As first recognized by A. Smith Woodward, the type of the so-called Spatho-
batis mirabilis is only a large variety of this species. It is preserved in counter-
part, one of the halves belonging to the Paleontological Museum in Munich, and
the other to the Carnegie Museum (Cat. No. 5396).* This particular specimen is
* Note by the Editor. — This specimen has undergone and survived great dangers. One evening in
Brussels, when the writer was engaged in packing up the collection of Baron Bayet for shipment to
Pittsburgh, the hour being late, he gave orders that no more specimens should be brought down from
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 401
admirably preserved, and has become familiar to students through the published
figure given in von Zittel's Handbuch; hence it is only necessary to record the
fact that the counter-impression, which formed part of the Bayet Collection, is
now to be seen on exhibition in the Carnegie Museum. Its sex is denoted by the
pair of claspers.
The caudal portion of another large ray, probably referable to this species, is
cataloged under the number 4409, and consists of about one hundred vertebrae
retained in their natural position, together with portions of the endoskeletal
cartilage, belonging apparently to the pelvic girdle. Neither dorsal nor caudal
fins are preserved in this specimen, and only the posterior dorsal is shown in the
counterpart of the Munich example.
Genus Belemnobatis Thiolliere.
9. Belemnobatis sismondse Thiolliere. (Plate LXVII, fig. 1.)
(For synonymy cj. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. I, p. 84.)
This species occurs typically in the Upper Jurassic of Cerin, France, and has
not been previously reported from the Lithographic Stone of Bavaria. A single
specimen from the latter locality, however, to be seen on exhibition in the Carnegie
Museum (Cat. No. 4408), and remarkable for its perfect state of preservation,
should undoubtedly be placed here. It measures 58 cm. in total length. The
tail is spineless, and shows no indication of dorsal or caudal fins. The structure
of the skull and nearly all of the endoskeletal parts are admirably displayed.
the upper floor of the remise where they were stored, and that work should cease for the day. Two of
his overzealous assistants disobeyed, and, going up to the loft, attempted in the darkness to bring down
this heavy and almost priceless slab. Descending the stairs in the dim light they stumbled and came
roUing down the steps with their burden, which fell, and was shattered into scores of fragments upon the
pavement of the lower court. The packers were instantly ordered from the spot, and sent away for the
night. By the light of a lantern the writer, assisted by Dr. Eastman, working until nearly midnight,
succeeded in gathering up the fragments, fitted them together, and then laying a large sheet of trans-
parent paper over them made a careful tracing of their outlines, designating each piece by a number
corresponding to numbers placed upon the tracing. On the following morning these pieces were carefully
packed in cotton and together with the tracing were brought to America. With the outline before us,
the writer, assisted by Mr. 0. A. Peterson, succeeded in adjusting each bit to its place, and no one un-
acquainted with the fact, would imagine that at one time this noble specimen had lain a mass of com-
minuted fragments upon the pavement of a Belgian court-yard. It is in every way as good as if it had
not been "smashed into smithereens." W. J. Holland.
402 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
Subclass TELEOSTOMI.
Order I. CROSSOPTERYGII.
Family CCELACANTHIDiE.
This family is remarkable among fishes for its conservatism and great lon-
gevity. From their first appearance in the Upper Devonian, the Coelacanthidse
range practically unchanged through the intervening formations to the Upper
Cretaceous. The most satisfactorily preserved remains are those obtained from
the Lias and Upper Chalk of England, and from the Lithographic Stone of Bavaria.
Those from the latter horizon have been exhaustively treated in a memoir by
Dr. Otto M. Reis of Munich. »
Genus Undina Miinster.
10. Undina penicillata Miinster.
(For references to the synonymy see A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit.
Mus., Part II, p. 410.)
Four well-preserved examples of this somewhat rare form are comprised in
the Bayet Collection of the Carnegie Museum, and are cataloged under the fol-
lowing numbers: 4055, 4703 (in counterpart), 4791, and 4792. One of them is
interesting because it shows the outlines of the ossified air-bladder, but none dis-
plays features not previously known.
Order HOLOSTEI (LEPIDOSTEOIDEI).
Family SEMIONOTID^.
To this family belongs a series of deep-bodied forms represented by Dapedius,
Tetragonolepis, Homoeolepis, etc., which attain a notable development in the Lias,
but become extinct with the last-named genus in the Upper Jura. But a solitary
example of Homoeolepis is known from Upper Jurassic rocks, and this is clearly
indicative of a new species, the description of which follows :
Genus Homceolepis Wagner.
A form in general resembling Tetragonolepis, but distinguished from it by
the much less protuberant character of the ventral region, the relatively lower
^ 0. M. Reis, " Die Ccelacantliineii, mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der im Weissen Jura Bayerns
vorkommenden Gattungen," Paleontographica, Vol. XXXV, 1888.
CATALOG OP THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
403
position of the pectoral fins, and by the greater number of scales in the vertical
series below the vertebral axis. The pre-operculum is also much wider than in
either Dapedius or Tetragonolepis.
The typical species is H. drosera (Egerton), from the Upper Lias of Wurtem-
berg, which by some authors is included in the same genus with Tetragonolepis.
Fig. 2. Dapedius politus Leach. (After Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 131.)
The characters exhibited by the undermentioned species, which forms the terminal
member of the group, may be regarded as confirming Wagner's recognition of this
genus as distinct from Tetragonolepis.
11. Homceolepis suborbiculata, sp. nov. (Plate LVIII, fig. 3.)
Type. — Complete fish in counterpart; Carnegie Museum Cat. No. 4762, 4762a.
A large species attaining a length of about 33 cm. Maximum depth of trunk
about equal to its length (exclusive of the caudal fin), and three and one-half times
as great as the depth of the caudal pedicle. Head with opercular apparatus
rather less than four times in the total length; the external bones almost smooth,
with very few small sparse tubercles. Marginal teeth small, styliform, unicuspid.
Pelvic fins arising midway between the pectorals and the anal; dorsal and fins
each with about thirty rays, of which the more anterior ones arc the most elevated,
the dorsal fin being decidedly acuminate in front in consequence of this radial
elongation.
404 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
Genus Lepidotus Agassiz.
12. Lepidotus notopterus Agassiz.
(For synonymy cj. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 92.)
This species is represented in the Bayet Collection of the Carnegie Museum
by a single contorted individual, in which the squamation of the posterior part
of the trunk is well displayed. It is cataloged as No. 697.
13. Lepidotus ovatus, sp. nov. (Plate LVIII, fig. 2.)
A species attaining a length of about 38 cm. and closely resembUng L. minor
in form and proportions, but with more strongly developed median fins, without
dorsal ridge-scales, and the heavier squamation of the trunk arranged in more
numerous longitudinal and transverse series. Flank-scales apparently smooth
and not serrated. Fin-fulcra very large, those of the dorsal fin seven in number
and more than half as long as the anterior dorsal fin-rays; those of the anal fin
twelve in number and proportionally shorter. Pelvic fins arising midway between
the pectoral pair and the anal, in this respect differing from the condition observed
in L. notopterus.
The holotjTDe and only known example of the species, the distinguishing
characters of which have just been summarized, is a nearly complete fish, pre-
served chiefly in impression, which bears the catalog number 4730. It has a total
length of 29 cm. to the base of the caudal fin, in which the length of the head with
opercular apparatus is contained four times. The maximum depth of trunk
is 11 cm. The number of oblique scale-rows counting along the lateral line is
about forty, and of longitudinal scale-rows in the middle of the body about twenty-
four.
Family MACROSEMIID^.
Genus Ophiopsis Agassiz.
14. Ophiopsis procera Agassiz. (Plate LXX, fig. 1.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 166.)
This genus and species was instituted by Agassiz upon the evidence of two
incompletely preserved skeletons from the Lithographic Stone, one of which had a
total length of about 30 cm. and the other of 10 cm. The smaller specimen was
regarded by Agassiz as indicating an immature individual, and the larger as repre-
senting the full-sized or adult stage of the species. We here follow the procedure
of Agassiz in referring to 0. procera a small example measuring 14 cm. in total length,
which bears the catalog number 4690. Another larger example in the collection
is cataloged as No. 4691.
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 405
15. Ophiopsis tenuiserrata (Agassiz).
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 168.)
This species is represented in the collection by a single imperfectly preserved
fish, in counterpart, having a total length of 17 cm., and cataloged as No. 5021
+ 5021a.
16. Ophiopsis attenuata Wagner. (Plate LXII, fig. 1.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 167.)
One excellently preserved example of this species is contained in the collection
of the Carnegie Museum. It is cataloged as No. 4856.
Genus Histionotus Egerton.
17. Histionotus parvus Vetter.
1881. Histionotus parvus B. Vetter, Mittheil. K. Mineral.-Geol. INIus. Dresden,
Pt. IV, p. 48, PL II, fig. 5.
Type. — Imperfect small fish; Dresden Museum.
The distinguishing specific characteristics of this form are enumerated by
Vetter as follows: (1) its relatively small size; (2) its remarkably deep head and
proportionally large size of the same; (3) its nearly vertical shoulder-girdle; and
(4) the convex posterior margin and rounded inferior angles of the flank-scales.
The holotype serving for Vetter's description exhibits a total length of 9.5 cm.
and maximum depth of 3 cm., the depth of the head being 2.5 cm., and its length
2.7 cm. None of the median fins are preserved, but their position and general
outlines are recognizable in the form of impressions. The dorsal fin is seen to be
high and acuminate, extending for some distance over the middle of the back;
the anal is pointed and remote, and the caudal fin is forked. The width of the
caudal pedicle is contained two and a half times in the maximum depth. Teeth
are not to be seen in the actual specimen, and according to the author the struc-
tures which are represented as such in the lithographic figure "verdanken ihre
Entstehung der Phantasie des Zeichners."
So far as known the holotype of the species remains unique. Its characters
are worthy of notice in this connection in order that the differences between it and
the next following species may be more readily comprehended.
18. Histionotus reclinis, sp. nov. (Plate LXII, fig. 4.)
Type. — Nearly complete fish; Carnegie Museum Cat. No. 5002.
A small species, attaining a total length of about 10 cm., the length of the
head with opercular apparatus being about equal to the maximum depth, and
406 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
contained slightly less than four times in the total length to the base of the caudal
fin, which latter is scarcely forked and consists of about twenty-four rays. The
short and low dorsal, with ten articulated rays, arises behind the middle point of
the back, and the anal with fewer rays, is nearly opposite. Pectorals large, with
about seventeen rays. Fulcra well-developed on all the unpaired fins. Scales in
regular series, none especially' deepened, posterior border nearly straight and strongly
denticulated, the squamation extending over the upper lobe of the tail, and pro-
ducing an upturned appearance of the latter. The specific title has reference to
the last-mentioned character. Orbit large, high up; dentition not observed.
Genus Macrosemius Agassiz.
19. Macrosemius rostratus Agassiz. (Plate LXIII, fig. 2.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 177.)
This species is represented in the collections of the Carnegie Museum by
two excellent examples, cataloged under the numbers 4764, 4765.
20. Macrosemius dorsalis, sp. nov. (Plate LXV, fig. 2.)
Type. — Distorted fish; Carnegie Museum Catalog No. 4765.
A species of moderate size, attaining a total length of about 20 cm., in which
the length of the head with opercular apparatus is contained about four times.
Dorsal fin much elevated, and comprising about thirty-two rays, denticulated on
their posterior borders, and somewhat expanded distally. Pelvic fins arising
slightly in advance of the middle point between the pectoral and caudal fins, and
the anal arising shortly behind. Exposed portion of the scales covered with fine
striae extending from the delicate pectinations of the posterior border.
This species, which is founded upon a unique, but somewhat crushed speci-
men from Solenhofen, approaches in certain respects the forms described from Cerin,
France, by Thiolliere; but is distinguished from them by the greater elevation of
the dorsal fin, and the slenderer form of the rays, which are but little expanded
distally.
Genus Propterus Agassiz.
21. Propterus microstomus Agassiz. (Plate LXII, fig. 3.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 183.)
This elegantly formed fish is of comparatively rare occurrence in the Litho-
graphic Stone of Bavaria, and has not been found elsewhere. No examples are
contained in the collections of the British Museum, and but one, an exceedingly
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 407
perfect specimen in counterpart, in the Carnegie Museum. This is cataloged as
No. 4468 + 4468a.
22. Proptenis speciosus Wagner. (Plate LXIII, fig. 1.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 184.)
Two nearly complete individuals in the collection are referable to this species.
These are cataloged as numbers 4698 and 4825, and have a length of 12 cm. and
7 cm. respectively.
23. Propterus conidens, sp. nov. (Plate LXII, fig. 2.)
Type. — Nearly complete fish; Carnegie Museum Cat. No. 4825.
A small species, attaining a length of about 10 cm. and maximum depth of
2.7 cm. Length of head with opercular apparatus contained nearly three times
in the total length to the base of the caudal fin. Form of body elegantly fusiform,
the dorsal and ventral borders gently arched, and width of the caudal pedicle a
little more than half as great as the maximum depth of trunk. Fins as in P.
speciosus, except that the dorsal fin is less elevated, its height falling considerably
short of the maximum depth, and comprising apparently fewer rays. Caudal fin
deeply forked. Scales finely denticulated.
The specific title is bestowed in allusion to the dental characteristics. The
marginal teeth are sharply pointed, long and slender, and closely apposed to one
another; as many as thirteen of them are to be counted along the rim of the jaw
on one side.
Genus Notagogus Agassiz.
24. Notagogus decoratus, sp. nov. (Plate LXVIII, fig. 2.)
Type. — Well-preserved small fish; Carnegie Museum Cat. No. 5110.
Founded upon a unique specimen having a total length of 4.7 cm. Length
of head with opercular apparatus exceeding the maximum depth of the trunk, and
contained three times in the total length to the base of the caudal fin. Dorsal
and ventral borders little arched, the trunk tapering very gradually toward the tail.
Dorsal fin arising far forwards, its anterior portion comprising about fifteen rays,
very widely spaced after the first three, which are closely approximated; second
portion of the dorsal fin with about ten rays, also widely spaced with the exception
of the first three; the rays of both portions gradually decreasing in length from
the third or fourth ray onwards, and those of the anterior portion more elevated
than those of the posterior portion; the longest fin-rays exceeding the maximum
depth of trunk. Caudal fin slightly forked, comprising about sixteen rays, its margins
408
MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
fringed with fulcra. Anal fin with seven rays; pelvics midway between the anal and
the pectoral pair; the latter comprising about twelve much elongated rays. Scales
thin, with five or six very long and sharp denticulations along the posterior border,
and covered with exceedinglj- delicate horizontal striations on the inner surface.
Teeth minute.
The holotype of this species is shown from the left lateral aspect in Plate LXVIII,
Fig. 2, somewhat larger than natural size. A portion of the squamation having
adhered to the opposite half of the containing matrix, the scales are seen from
the inner side in the only part of the specimen which is now preserved. They are
semitranslucent, and the remarkably strong denticulations are visible through the
thickness of the overlapping series.
Family PYCNODONTID^.
Genus Mesodon Wagner.
25. Mesodon macropterus (Agassiz). (Plate LXI, figs. 1 and 2.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 199.)
This species is represented in the collection of the Carnegie Museum by two
relatively large-sized individuals (Cat. Nos. 4733, 4891), which measure about
22 cm. in total length, but are slightly injured in the region of the head; also by a
-^
Fig. 3. Mesodon macropterus. (After A. S. Woodward, "Outlines of Vertebrate Paleontology," p. 105,
1S9S, fig. 74.)
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
409
very small specimen in counterpart (4456,4456a), which is perhaps to be regarded
as indicating a dwarf variety. The subjoined restoration of this species (Fig. 3) is
copied from A. Smith Woodward.
Genus Gyrodus Agassiz.
"Trunk deeply fusiform or discoidal, with a slender abbreviated caudal
pedicle. Head and opercular bones ornamented with tubercles; cheek and gular
region covered with small, imbricating cycloidal scales; teeth more or less rugose
and mammillated, those of the vomer in five, and those of the splenial in four
regular series. Neural and haemal arches of axial skeleton of trunk not expanding
sufficiently to encircle the notochord. Fin-rays robust, closely arranged, articu-
lated, and divided distally. Pelvic fins present; dorsal and anal fins low and
fringe-like, except in front where they rise to an elevated point, these two fins
arising at about the same point and not extending in advance of the hinder half
Fig. 4. Gyrodus hexagonus (Blainvillc). (After E. Hennig in "Pala?ontographica," Vol. LIII, 1906«
PI. XI, fig. 2.)
of the trunk; caudal fin deei)ly forked, with slender lobes. Scales tul^erculatcd or
rugose, covering the whole of the trunk" (A. S. Woodward, /. c, Pt. Ill, p. 233).
410 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
26. Gyrodus macrophthalmus Agassiz. (Plate LXIX, fig. 1.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Ft. Ill, p. 233.)
This species is represented in the collections of the Carnegie Museum by a
well-preserved individual having a total length of 25 cm. (No. 4734) showing the
characteristic scale-markings and part of the dentition. Hennig's proposal to
suppress this, the type-species, and also G. frontatus, in favor of Blainville's term,
G. hexagonus, cannot be sustained.
27. Gyrodus frontatus Agassiz. (Plate LXI, fig. 3.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, pp.
235-6.)
A species, so far as known, closely similar to the type, only differing in the
relatively greater protuberance of the abdominal region, in the simple mammillation
of the teeth, and in having the tubercular ornamentation of the scales without
reticulations, extending over the ventral half of the fish {cf. A. S. Woodward, I. c,
Pt. Ill, p. 236).
This form is well represented in the collections of the Carnegie Museum,
the examples belonging to it being cataloged as follows: 10, 690, 691, 3003, 4685,
4735 (in counterpart), 4736, 4763 (in counterpart), 4796, 4797 (in counterpart),
4798 (in counterpart), 4799, 4893. The figure on PI. LXI is unfortunately reversed.
28. Gyrodus circularis Agassiz. (Plate LXIX, fig. 2.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 238.)
A magnificent example of this species, having a total length of 75 cm., forms
one of the most attractive exhibits of fossil fishes to be seen in the Hall of Vertebrate
Paleontology in the Carnegie Museum. It is cataloged as 4407a;. Another
specimen (Catalog Number 4407), of even larger size shows the well-preserved
squamation of the left side of the trunk.
Family EUGNATHID^.
Genus Eugnathus Agassiz.
29. Eugnathus longiserratus (Agassiz). (Plate LXIV, figs. 1 and 2.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 301.)
Three well-preserved specimens referable to this species form part of the
exhibition series of the Carnegie Museum, and are cataloged under the numbers
4686, 4719 (in counterpart), and 5021 respectively.
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 411
Genus Caturus Agassiz.
30. Caturus furcatus Agassiz. (Plate LIX, fig. 3; Plate LX, fig. 2;
Plate LXI, figs. 4 and 5; Plate LXVIII, fig. 1; Plate LXXII,
fig. 3; Plate LXXXIII, fig. 3.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, i). 332.)
This, the typical species, is of common occurrence in the Lithographic Lime-
stone of Bavaria and the Department of Ain, France; and, owing to its abundance
and favorable state of preservation, nearly all details of its skeletal organization
are accurately known. An excellent restoration is given by Dr. A. S. Woodward
in his Catalog, Pt. Ill, p. 331, fig. 36. A view of the underside of the head of a
specimen (No. 4451) is given on Plate LXVIII, fig. 7.
In the opinion of Dr. A: S. Woodward, various small forms of Caturus, which
have been described under different specific titles, are to be regarded as immature
examples of the type species, C. furcatus. As shown by comparison of a large
series of specimens, the latter is no doubt represented in the Lithographic Stone
by several well-marked varieties, which appear, nevertheless, to grade into one
another, and for that reason can scarcely be separated into species clearly dis-
tinguishable from the type. It is more expedient, therefore, to group them all
under one head, in which case the trivial names C. macrurus, microchirus, obovatus,
ferox, and gracilis become synonyms of C. caturus. From the large suite of material
belonging to the Carnegie Museum several well-preserved examples have been
chosen for illustration in the present Memoir, among them one of the small varieties
which was named by Agassiz C. macrurus. This is shown in Plate LXI, fig. 4.
The remaining specimens in the collection are cataloged as follows: 696, 866, 871,
872, 4028, 4451, 4697, 4699, 4713, 4720, 4721, 4723, 4771, 4774, 4778, 4790, 4795,
4808, 4809, 4808a, 4859, 4861, 5013, 5014, 5020. 5049. 5053.
31. Caturus pachyurus Agassiz. (Plate LIX, fig. 1.)
(For synonymy cf. A. 8. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, i)p.
336-7.)
This is a much rarer form than the type species of Caturus, and is rei)resonted
in the collections of the C^arnegie Museum by a singl(> well-pres(>rved specimen,
which liears the catalog numlier 4724, and is shown on Plate LIX.
412 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
Family AMIID^.
Genus Megalurus Agassiz.
32. Megalurus lepidotus Agassiz. (Plate LXX, fig. 3.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 36.)
Only two examples of this early Amioid species are listed in Dr. Smith Wood-
ward's Catalog as belonging to the British Museum. The Carnegie Institute is
fortunate in possessing a number of well-preserved specimens, catalogued as follows:
4732, 4767, 4768, 4769, 4812, and 4862. The first four are in counterpart.
33. Megalurus elegantissimus Wagner. (Plate LXX, fig. 2.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 365.)
The following numbered examples in the Carnegie Museum are referable to
this species: 693, 4854.
Family PACHYCORMID^..
Genus Sauropsis Agassiz.
34. Sauropsis longimanus Agassiz.
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 375.)
This is an extremely rare form, occurring, so far as known, only in the Litho-
graphic Stone of Bavaria, though a closely related species, as yet undescribed, is
reported by A. Smith Woodward from the Oxfordian of Wiltshire. Neither the
Carnegie nor the British Museum possesses examples of the species.
35. Sauropsis depressus, sp. nov. (Plate LX, fig. 3.)
Type. — Nearly complete fish: Carnegie Museum Cat. No. 4766 + 4766a.
Form of body slender and elongate, the length of head with opercular apparatus
considerably exceeding the maximum depth of trunk. Pelvic fins arising midway
between the pectorals and the anal; dorsal fin arising opposite the low fringe-like
posterior portion of the much extended anal, and consisting of comparatively few
rays; the anterior rays of the dorsal and anal equal in elevation, but rapidly de-
creasing posteriorly. Other characters similar to those of the type species.
The holotype of this extremely slender species is a well preserved skeleton
having a total length of about 32 cm., in which the trunk is exhibited from the
lateral, and the head, which is reflexed, from the ventro-lateral aspect. It is in
counterpart, and the skeletal structure can be studied in its entirety by combining
both halves. In the type specimen of S. longimanus figured by Agassiz the head
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FLSHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 413
is shown in profile, thus affording a tolerably clear idea of the arrangement of the
cheek and opercular plates, but yielding no information as to the covering of the
thoracic region; the present specimen, on the other hand, completes our knowledge
of the underside of the head, and displays besides the branchiostcgal and opercular
apparatus to excellent advantage.
The anterior portion of the space between the mandibular rami is completely
covered by a narrow, triangular gular plate, behind which occur the closely spaced
series of branchiostcgal rays, these latter being in juxtaposition superiorly with
the angular element, interoperculum, and suboperculum in ascending order. In the
thoracic region the interspace between the divergent series of branchiostcgal rays
is occupied apparently by a single, thin, delicate plate, which probably owes its
origin to the fusion of a number of small scales. The structure of the mandible
is not altogether clear, but the splenial is evidently a long delicate plate, beset with
small conical teeth, while the angular occupies about one-third of the outer face
of the ramus. The maxilla is long and slender, tapering in front, deepest behind,
and in its middle portion is in contact with the sclerotic ring, which is ossified.
The latter is apparently bounded posteriorly by a ring of small circumorbitals, the
boundaries between which have become obliterated.
With regard to the structure of the fin in the type-species Agassiz remarks as
follows: "Les nageoires refletent en quelque sort a Texterieur cette forme grele
du squelette, car leurs rayons sont tous sans exception excessivement fins: Les
pectorales qui ont valu a I'espece son nom sont tres-developpees, fort longues, et
en meme temps tres-larges. Les plus grands rayons debordent beaucoup I'inser-
tion des ventrales. Autant les pectorales sont grandes, autant les ventrales sont
petites."
These characters of the paired fins hold true for the new species under dis-
cussion, as well as for the type, the only difference being that the pectoral fin-rays
are more numerous in the present form than in S. longimanus. Upwards of forty
are to be counted in the specimen now in hand, and although Agassiz does not
state the number observed by him in S. longimanus, only half as many are shown
in the published illustration (Poiss. Foss., Vol. II, PI. LX). The median fins are
essentially alike in the two species, except for the more remote position of the
dorsal in the example here made the type of a new species, as already noted. The
caudal fin is most exquisitely preserved, and shows the upward i)rolongation of
the axis for a short distance into the superior lobe. The scales and internal skeletal
structure do not call for particular mention.
414 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
36. Sauropsis curtus, sp. nov. (Plate LXVI, fig. 1.)
Type. — Nearly complete fish; Carnegie Museum Cat. No. 4772.
Form of body deeper and more compact than in other known species, the
trunk relatively short and tapering rapidly posteriorly, the width of the caudal
pedicle equalling about one-third of the maximum depth. Length of head with
opercular apparatus equalling maximum depth, and contained nearly four times
in the total length to the base of the caudal fin. Form and position of the fins
as in the type species (S. longimanus), except that the pectoral pair is less strongly
developed, and the rays of all the fins show articulations throughout their entire
length. Dorsal fin-supports about thirty, and anal fin-supports about fifty in
number, all more closely spaced than the neural and hsemal spines. Number of
the latter upwards of ninety from the anterior portion of the axis to a point under-
neath the hinder extremity of the dorsal fin, and their total number estimated to
have been about one hundred and twenty-five. Lateral line conspicuous, parallel
with the axis, and continued over the parieto-frontal bones of the head. Operculum
subtriangular and much deepened; pre-operculum narrow and elongate, in contact
through its entire length anteriorly with the vertically elongate postorbital. Snout
obtuse; dentition as in the type-species.
The holotype answering to the above description is a magnificently preserved
specimen, having a total length of about 28 cm., and of very great importance on
account of the perfection with which the cranial and facial elements are displayed.
A remarkable feature is the great elongation in a vertical (transverse) direction of
all of the parts lying between the postorbital and posttemporals. The postorbital
itself occupies the space which in the existing Amia is covered by a distinct portion
of the integument overlying the pre-operculum and extending forward to the angle
of the jaws.
Genus Hypsocormus Wagner.
37. Hypsocormus insignis Wagner. (Plate LXXI, fig. 3.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 39L)
An exceptionally perfect example of this species (No. 5398) having a total length
to the base of the caudal fin of 53 cm., and displaying all of the fins and skeletal
parts to advantage, is to be seen on exhibition in the Hall of Fossil Vertebrates
in the Carnegie Museum. The pectoral fin-rays are stouter and more numerous
than are shown in A. S. Woodward's restoration of this species, and the supports
for the anal are somewhat longer. For purposes of comparison the figure given
by Woodward is here reproduced.
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM,
415
An interesting structure not hitherto observed in connection with this species
is the presence of a long and tapering air-bladder, the calcified walls of which show
a series of transverse ridges not unlike those formed by muscle-fibres in modern Ga-
noids and Dipnoi. Confluent with the intestinal tract in front, the organ in question
extends longitudinally close to the ventral body-wall along one side of the sup-
ports for the anal fin, and terminates in a closed sac immediately behind the latter.
Fig. 5. Hypsocormus insignis Wagner.
(After A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill,
fig. 40, p. 393.)
Somewhat similar structures have been observed in Pachycormus and Astheno-
cormus, and are interpreted in the latter by B. Vetter as spiral valves of the intestine
(c/. infra, p. 461). The numerous internal septa ("convolutions" of Vetter),
small size of the organ, and its prolongation into the region posterior to the anal
fin, are characters which militate against this view of its nature. For the sug-
gestion that the structure in question is a calcified air-bladder the writer is indebted
to his friend, Dr. C. H. Eigenmann, than whom no one is better qualified to pass
judgment upon the actual specimens submitted for examination.
According to this eminent authority, the form and position of the air-bladder
exhibit a wide range of variation among closely related genera of modern teleosts,
even within the limits of a single subfamily, such as the Curimatina)^" of the Chara-
cidse or Sternopyginae^^ among the Gymnotidse.
'"Eigenmann, Carl H. and R. S., "A Revision of the Edentulous Genera of Curimatinae," Annals
N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1889, Vol. IV, pp. 409-440.
"Ellis, Max Mapes, "The Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America," Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI,
No. 3, 1913, pp. 186-189.
416 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
38. Hypsocormus macrodon (Wagner). (Plate LXXI, figs. 1 and 2.)
(For synonymy cj. A. S. Woodward, Cat. Foss. Fishes Brit. Mus., Pt. Ill, p. 394.)
Two representatives of this species occur in the collections of the Carnegie
Museum, both of large size and well-preserved, and both on exhibition in the
Hall of Fossil Vertebrates. One, having a total length of about 65 cm., is pre-
served without any distortion other than vertical crushing, and displays the head-
parts and all the fins in very nearly their entirety. The other, which is more
than twice the size of the first, is contorted in such manner that the body is coiled
upon itself, the head and inferior caudal lobe being closely approximated. The
relatively short head, with its large, forwardly placed orbit, together with the
slender and elongate form of body, terminating in a widely expanded caudal fin,
give to this species a characteristic expression. The bones of the head are finely
tuberculated, and the scales delicately striated. The ventral fins are situated
midway between the pectorals and anal fin. To this species may also be referred
an imperfect detached head, cataloged as number 4794.
Genus Asthenocormus A. S. Woodward.
39. Asthenocormus titanius (Wagner).
(For synonymy c/. A. S. Woodward, I. c, Pt. Ill, p. 380.)
Of this species, one of the largest of Jurassic Pachycormidae, only two tolerably
complete individuals are known, the holotype which is in Munich, and the inter-
esting specimen studied by Vetter, which belongs to the Dresden Museum. In
neither specimen is the dentition satisfactorily shown, nor is any trace preserved
of the pelvic fins. Nevertheless there is reason to believe that the latter organs
were present, and that a series of enlarged prehensile teeth was borne anteriorly
by the jaw-parts. Such, at least, are among the characters which have been ob-
served in the case of the next following species.
Mention should be made in this connection of a peculiar structure described
by Vetter in the example studied by him, the significance of which would seem to
have been misinterpreted. The position of the stomach and intestinal tract
is clearly indicated in the specimen belonging to the Dresden Museum and according
to the author just named, the intestine is provided posteriorly with a remarkably
well-developed spiral valve. The small diameter of this tube, its tapering posterior
extremity and total absence of coprolitic matter in its interior, are features difficult
to reconcile with the view that we here have to do with a much convoluted spiral
valve. A more plausible interpretation is to regard it as a calcified air-bladder
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
417
similar to that already observed in Hij-psocormus, and the convoluted appearance of
which is due to the presence of numerous transverse fibrous bands and ridges. From
analogy with recent forms in which similar bands occur, it may be presumed that
the interior was partitioned off by transverse septa extending between the ridges.
40. Asthenocormus retrodorsalis, sp. nov.
Type.— Imperfect fish; Carnegie Museum (Cat. Nos. 4863, 4863a, 48636).
A species nearly equalling the type of the genus in size, and resembling it in
general form and proportions, but distinguished from it chiefly by characters of
the median fins and the dentition. Pelvic fins present, and the low triangular
dorsal fin arising behind the anal.
This species is established upon the evidence of a single nearly complete indi-
vidual, preserved in counterpart, from the Lithographic Stone of Kelheim, Bavaria,
and contained in the Bayet Collection of the Carnegie Museum. The head and
anterior portion of the trunk have been considerably crushed and deformed, but
the remainder of the body is preserved without distortion and shows the lateral
aspect, the position of all the fins being clearly indicated.
Fig. 6. Asthenocormus retrodorsalis, sp. nov. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fislres, Nos. 4863 and 4863a. X J.
As denoted by the specific title, the dorsal fin is remote, arising behind the
origin of the anal, and is much shorter than the latter. The dorsal fin consists of
comparatively few rays, which posteriorly rapidly decrease in size. The anal fin
has become detached, but its internal supports are preserved intact; these depend
almost vertically from the haemal spines, and are seen to be about thirtj' in number.
The small pelvic pair is situated midway between the pectorals and anal fin. The
proximal portions of both pectorals are preserved, but the distal two thirds have
been broken away. The caudal fin is complete, exhibiting the very fine sub-
division of the rays at its hinder border, but no fulcra along the anterior margin.
New and interesting features are presented by the dentition of this species.
418 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
Teeth are not preserved in either of the containing slabs which display nearly the
entire body of the fish, but are found associated with some of the opercular plates
and jaw-parts which have been fractured off from the main portion of the fossil,
the whole mass being embedded in a separate block of limestone which evidently
lay in juxtaposition with the two larger slabs.* It is difficult to identify all of
the plates which are found partly overlying one another and forming a more or
less confused mass in this smaller block of hmestone, but it is evident at a glance
that other elements bordering the mouth-cavity besides those in direct relation with
the jaws were dentigerous. Small, recurved conical teeth were probably borne on
the entire palatal roof, including the pterygoids and parasphenoid, and some may
have lined the throat cavity, as is perhaps to be inferred from the occurrence of
numerous small conical teeth in clusters, which show no signs of havingbeen em-
bedded at the base in alveolar sockets and can scarcely be considered as jaw-teeth.
As regards form and mode of occurrence, the teeth just described agree closely
with the conditions noted by Vetter in two individuals of the type-species studied
by him. This will appear from the following passage which is extracted from the
account of the dentition of A. titanius given by the author just named. ^^
* Since Dr. Eastman wrote these lines the Director has had the specimens carefully examined,
with a view to ascertaining possible points of contact between the pieces embedded in the plaster mount.
This work was very carefully done by Mr. 0. A. Peterson. It is now discovered that the upper caudal
lobe of the specimen in both slabs is very ingeniously made out of plaster of Paris. Whether it is
possibly a cast made from fragments, which were not preserved, and for which this plaster of Paris
reproduction was substituted, it is not now possible to say. The examination made shows that, as
restored by the original collector, he was careless in noting the contacts, with the result that the lower
lobe of the caudal as placed was quite too near the vertebral columri, a piece containing the fulcra evi-
dently having been dropped out.
Figure 6, which has recently been made by Mr. Prentice, shows the exact facts as to the caudal
lobes.
In reference to the head (48636) which has been associated by Dr. Eastman with the specimen, it
must be said that this association is not determinable by any contacts which can be discovered in the an-
terior parts of either of the larger slabs containing the body of the fish. All the plaster has been removed
and a diligent search has been made for contacts, but none are discoverable. If it belonged to the larger
blocks, it must have been lying at some remove from the rest of the body of the fish. There is a
presumption in favor of its having been a part of this specimen, arising from the color and composition
of the matrix. Unfortunately Baron Bayet does not appear to have always appreciated the importance
of preserving exact records as to the origin of specimens, and we have no clue in any list of purchases
made by him, or any of his correspondence, which is in our hands, which would serve to establish the
fact that the head and the body associated by Dr. Eastman belonged together. This association,
while it appears plausible, nevertheless does not rest upon evidence which is incontestable.
W. J. Holland.
" Vetter, Benjamin. Die Fische aus dem hthographischen Schiefer im Dresdener Museum
(Mittheil. K. Mineral-Geol. Museum Dresden, 1881, Pt. IV, p. 99).
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 419
"Die Zahne zeichnen sich weder durch Farbe oder Glanz, noch durch Grosse
aus, und sind nur mit Miihe herauszufinden. Sie liegen zerstreut, theils ganz vorn,
besonders aber vor, unter und hinter dem Auge, ihre Spitze meist nach oben und
vorn, zum Theil auch nach unten gekehrt; alle diese mogen noch auf den Kiefer-
randern gesessen haben. Nun folgen, aber, durch das Operculum hindurch sicht-
bar, zahlreiche bis zu seinem Hinterrande reichende Zahne, welche noch am ehesten
eine regelmassig senkrechte Lage zeigen; diese miissen am Parasphenoid und an
den gegeniiber hegenden Flachen der BasibranchiaUa resp. der Schlundknochen
befestigt gewesen sein. In der That bemerktman denn auch an der mitten durch
das Auge ziehenden Strecke des ersteren gleichfalls eine Anzahl kleiner Zahne.
Fig. 7. Asthenocormus retrodorsalis, sp. nov. Anterior dentition. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No.
48636. X \.
"Alle diese Zahne sind meist schwach gekrtimmt, sehr spitz und schlank bis
plump kegelformig, mit glatter Oberflache. . . . Da sie liberall nur in grosserer
Anzahl beisammenliegen, so scheinen sie auch auf den Kieferrandern nicht in ein-
fachen Reihen, sondern nach Art von Biirstenzahnchen gruppenweise gesessen zu
haben (im ganzen damit libereinstimmend ist das sporadische Vorkommen von
Zahnen bei Exemplar II)."
So far the dental characters of the type-species are seen to stand in perfect
accord with those of the new form now under discussion. That which is alto-
gether novel, however, and in fact unique among the Pachycormidce, is the presence
of a series of enlarged teeth with laterally compressed bases, situated at the front
margin of the upper and lower jaws and extending also, as far as one may judge
from their position in the matrix, for some distance posteriorly along the outer
rim of the jaws. The form of these enlarged prehensile teeth recalls in a general
way the compressed broad-based teeth which have been provisionally named
Ancistrodon, except that the crown is more elevated, conical, and regularly arched.
Some of them, also, appear to have had very deep roots. Figures of these prehensile
420 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
teeth are given in the accompanying illustration (Fig. 7.) This peculiar differ-
entiation of the dentition in Asthenocormus is most nearly approached among
kindred forms by the Cretaceous ProtosphyrcEna, in which the more anteriorly
placed teeth are especially large, much compressed, and implanted in deep sockets.
In respect to various characters, the genera Pachycormus, Hypsocormus, Astheno-
cormus and Protosphyrcena represent, in the order named, successive stages of
modification, at the same time closely mimicking in general form of body the
Tertiary Xiphiidse or "sword-fishes."
Family ASPIDORHYNCHID^.
Genus AspiDORHYNCHUS Agassiz.
In this genus, according to Dr. A. S. Woodward, the vertebral centra are
always in the form of delicate rings, each bearing its own arch. The ribs are very
short and thin. In the abdominal region the neural spines appear to be separate
from their supporting arches, though this is not quite certain; in the caudal region,
both hsemal and neural spines are fused with their arches, and the latter with
their respective centra. As might be expected from the stout proportions of the
rays, the supports for the dorsal and anal fins are especially robust; and they are
shown to be more numerous than the vertebral segments beneath them. The
scales are all thick and rhombic, strengthened by a slight internal median rib,
and those of the flank united by a large peg-and-socket articulation. The lateral
line pierces each scale it traverses."
41. Aspidorhynchus acutirostris (Blainville) . (Plate LXIV, fig. 3.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, /. c, Pt. Ill, p. 419.)
This species is represented in the collections of the Carnegie Museum by a
number of fine examples, certain of which are to be seen on exhibition in the Hall
of Fossil Vertebrates. The complete suite of specimens is cataloged as follows:
12, 14, 4741, 4743, 4774, 4745, 4746, 4777 + 4777a, 4779, 4810, 4823, 4814, 4864,
4867, 4868 -|- 4868a.
Genus Belonostomus Agassiz.
42. Belonostomus muensteri Agassiz. (Plate LX, fig. 1.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, I. c, Pt. Ill, pp. 429-30.)
This species is represented in the collection of the Carnegie Museum by the
foUowing examples: Cat. Nos. 4115, 4795, 4796, 4850, 4865, 4866.
1^ For a description of the cranial osteology and other interesting details of the structure of two
species of Aspidorhynchus reference may be made to Assmann's paper " Ueber Aspidorhynchus" in
Archivfur Biontologie 1906, Bd. I, Heft 1, pp. 49-80.
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 421
Suborder ISOSPONDYLI.
Family PHOI.IDOPHORID.E.
Genus Pholidophorus Agassiz.
43. Pholidophorus macrocephalus Agassiz. (Plate LVIII, fig. 1.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, I. c, Pt. Ill, pp. 467-8.)
The synonymy of this species, as given by A. S. Woodward, agrees with the
conclusions of Wagner and Vetter, excepting that the latter has proposed the
trivial name P. magnus to designate the species, a procedure which is contrary to
recognized codes of nomenclature. The following examples in the Carnegie
Museum are referable to this species: Car. Mus. Cat. Nos. 694, 4793, 4811, 4898.
5067, 5087.
Family OLIGOPLEURIDiE.
Genus CEonoscopus Costa.
(Syn. Attakeopsis Thiolhere; Macrorhipis Wagner.)
44. CEonoscopus cyprinoides (Wagner). (Plate LXV, fig. 1.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, I. c, Pt. Ill, p. 495.)
Two well-preserved individuals belonging to this species are contained in the
Bayet Collection, and are cataloged under the following numbers: 4700, 5086.
Examples of this species are rare in the Lithographic Limestone.
Family LEPTOLEPID^.
Genus Leptolepis Agassiz.
45. Leptolepis dubia (Blainville) .
(For synonymy cf. A. 8. Woodward, I. c, Pt. Ill, p. 509.)
This and the closely related L. spraUiformis are among the commonest fishes
occurring in the Lithographic Stone of Bavaria, and both are abundantly repre-
sented in the collections of the Carnegie Museum, many of the specimens being
remarkably well preserved, and displaying nearly the entire cranial and skeletal
osteology. To the species under consideration belong the following examples:
Carnegie Mus. Cat. Nos. 9, 13, 4448, 4687, 4693, 4694, 4695, 4712, 4714. 4715,
4782, 4783, 4784, 4785, 4786, 4801, 4803, 4804, 4805, 4806, 4807, 4820, 4821, 4822,
4831, 4832, 4838, 4839, 4840, 4841, 4842, 4873, 4871, 4875, 4895, 5000, 5004, 5005.
5010, 5011, 5012, 5019, 5027, 5028, 5029, 5030, 5031, 5032, 5033, 5035, 5040. 5041,
422 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.
5044, 5065, 5069, 5070, 5075, 5089, 5090, 5091, 5092, 5093, 5094, 5095, 5096, 5101.
Fig. 8. Restoration of Leptolepis diibia. (After A. S. Woodward.)
46. Leptolepis sprattiformis (Blainville) . (Plate LXXIII, figs. 1-3.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, I. c, Pt. Ill, p. 513.)
The following examples in the Carnegie Museum are referable to this species:
Car. Mus. Cat. Nos. 861, 863, 864, 4030, 4031, 4107, 4108, 4109, 4110, 4111,
4112, 4114, 4116, 4117, 4118, 4119, 4120, 4121, 4122, 4123, 4124, 4125, 4126, 4128,
4149, 4242, 4243, 4244, 4246, 4247, 4249, 4251, 4252, 4253, 4254, 4255, 4256, 4258,
4260, 4261, 4262, 4263, 4264, 4417, 4665, 4815, 4834, 4835, 4877, 4878, 4879, 4880,
4881, 4882, 4883, 5007, 5009, 5006, 5024, 5025, 5026, 5043, 5047, 5048, 5059, 5062,
5063, 5064, 5082, 5084, 5104, 5106, 5113.
Genus ^Ethalion Miinster.
47. iEthalion knorri (Blainville). (Plate LXXIII, fig. 4.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, I. c, Pt. Ill, p. 518.)
This species is not particularly common in the Upper Jura of Solenhofen, and
is represented in the collections of the Carnegie Museum by a number of examples,
which bear the foUowing catalog numbers: 865, 4688, 4689, 4800, 4830, 4837, 4843,
4845, 4846, 4852, 4869, 4870, 4872 + a, 4889, 4897, 5003, 5008, 5017, 5022, 5023,
5034, 5038, 5039, 5042, 5045, 5046, 5051, 5057, 5066, 5071, 5077, 5079, 5099.
Genus Thrissops Agassiz.
This is one of the more abundant genera in the Lithographic Limestone of
France and Bavaria, and is represented in the Solenhofen fauna by three species,
of which the following is the most important:
CATALOG OF THE FOSSIL FISHES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 423
48. Thrissops formosus Agassiz. (Plate LXII, fig. 2.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, /. c, Pt. Ill, p. 521.)
A large series of Thrissops belonging to this species are contained in the Bayet
Collection of the Carnegie Museum, several complete and admirably preserved
individuals being among the number. These specimens bear the following catalog
numbers: 4030, 4702, 4789.
49. Thrissops sabnoneus (Blainville). (Plate LXXII, fig. 1.)
(For synonymy cf. A. S. Woodward, I. c, Pt. Ill, p. 522.)
This species is represented in the collection by specimens bearing the following
numbers: 870, 4717, 4773, 4813, 4818 + a, 4894, 5088, 5090.
Genus Parathrissops novum.
A genus resembling Thrissops in general characters, but distinguished from
it by its relatively much shorter and compact form of trunk, and by the more
anterior position of the dorsal fin, which arises somewhat in advance of the anal
and is not much extended. Anal relatively shorter than in Thrissops.
50. Parathrissops furcatus sp. nov. (Plate LIX, fig. 2.)
Ti/pe.— Nearly complete fish in counterpart; Carnegie Museum Cat. No.
4029 + 4029a.
The type and only known species, attaining a total length of about 23 cm.
Head with opercular apparatus contained four and one-half times in the total
length of the fish; maximum depth of trunk equalling the length of the head with
opercular apparatus, and contained a little more than two and one-half times in the
length of the trunk from the pectoral arch to the base of the caudal fin. Vertebrae
about forty-four in number, half of them being abdominal, and half caudal. Pelvic
fins arising but little nearer to the anal than to the pectorals; dorsal fin, with fifteen
rays, arising somewhat in advance of the origin of the anal, which is much elevated in
front, and comprises about twenty-two rays; caudal fin deeply forked and with
expanded lobes. Scales thin, ornamented with exceedingly delicate concentric striae.
The holotype of this species is an admirably preserved individual having a
total length of 23 cm. and depth of 5 cm. It is readily distinguished from all
other species by the form and proportions of the body and more forward position
of the dorsal fin, together with the deeply furcate and broad-lobed character of
the caudal.
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol, VI.
Plate LVII.
1^'
) ^^
'w^iu ,. , .^.^^^^ujjiawi""''^'^^^^^'-^^^'''**'^^^'^^^*^*^^*'^
n
y
v!^?*::;s*i«'««^^
aOiUk
w
\
0^
' ip^'
t^M"JJJJ"""'>^"*'
Fig. 1. Cedniciun iiltcli Ea.st.max. C. AI. Cat. Fosts. Fishes, Xo. 4423. i,SLu;in'LV E.nlakgku.)
Fig. 2. Phorcynis catulina THioLLifeHE. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4780. X -^jt-
Fig. 3. Squatina minor Eastman. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, Xo. 4737. X tVtt-
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol, VI.
Plate LVIII.
'^ y. ,
3
Fig. 1. Fholidophorus macrocephalus Agassiz. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4793 (,227 m.m.).
Fig. 2. Lepiclotu.s ovatus sp. nov. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4730 (372 mm.).
Fig. 3. Homccolepis subm-biciihita sp. nov. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4762 (410 mm.).
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol, VI.
Plate LIX.
.^
.^^
-i^--~
■^
Fio. 1. Catunifi pachijurus Agassiz. C. AI. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4724 (4().") mm.).
Fig. 2. Parathrissops furcalus gen. et sp. nov. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, Xo. 4029 (235 mm.). Tvi-e.
Fig. 3. Catunis furcalus Agassiz. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 872 (194 mm.).
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol, VI,
Plate LX.
'"■^ •;;*.:
Fig. 1. Belonostomus muensteri Aoassiz. C. M. Cat. Fqss. Fishes, No. 48."i0 (292 mm.).
Fig. 2. Cahirus Jurcatus Agassiz. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 871 (200 mm.).
Fig. 3. Smiropsis deprcssus sp. nov. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 47(56. (300 mm. from End of Loweu Lobe
OF Tail to End of Pectoral Fin on Slab.)
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI,
Plate LXI.
m.
y'yr.
^rr^'
Fig. 1. Mcsodoti macropterus (Agassizj. C J\l. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 44.56 (50 mm.).
Fig. 2. Mesodon macropterus (Agassiz). (Counterpart) Do., No. 4456o (50 mm.).
Fig. 3. Gyrodus fronlatus Agassiz. Juv. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 3003 (57 mm.). Figure Reversed ox Plate.
Fig. 4. Caturus furcatus var. macrurus Agassiz. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 866 (155 mm.).
Fig. 5. Caturus furcahis Agassiz. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4809 (483 mm.).
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI,
Plate LXII.
Fig. 1. Ophidpsiii atlcnuata Wagner. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 48oG (90 .mm.).
Fig. 2. Proptcru.s conidctjs sp. nov. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4825 (03 mm.). Type.
Fig. 3. Proptcrus microstomus Agassiz. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4468 (96 m.m.).
Fig. 4. Histionoius rcclinis sp. nov. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 5002 (95 mm.). Type.
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI,
Plate LXIIl,
Fig. 1. Propterus speciosus Wagner. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 471S (,167 mm.).
Fig. 2. Macrosemius rostralus Agassiz. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4764 (160 mm.).
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.
Plate LXIV,
Fig. 1. Eugmithus longiserratus (Agassiz). C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4719 (145 mm.).
Fig. 2. Eugnathus longiserratus (Agassiz). C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4686 (180 mm.).
Fig. 3. Aspidorhynchus aculiroslris (Blainville). C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4823 (152 mm.).
("
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI
Plate LXV,
Fig. 1. (Eonoscopus cyprinoides (Wagner). C. M. Cat. Fo.ss. Fishks. No. 4700 (.S24 mm.).
Fig. 2. Macrosemiiis dorsalix sr. Nov. (". ]M. ("at. Foss;. Fishes, No. 4705 (,195 mm.). Type.
Fui. .i. I'holidoplinnis mdcrocipludiis .\<;assiz. C. M. Cat. Foss. Flshes, No. 4729 (297 mm.).
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol, VI.
Plate LXVII,
— --mMmmmmmmmafu
'**,'U\ ^yj)^...
^fe-
Fig.
Fig.
1. HclriiiiKiliiih's sismniKhr TllKiLLIEKK. ('. M. Cat. Fo.ss. FisilKS, No. t HIS. C.SH MM.
2. SquiiliiKi alifrni Minstkh. C. M. Cat. Fu.ss. Fi.siie«, N'o. 531)7. 'JOJ .m.\i.
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.
Plate LXIX.
r
;iS*S^'.-J^2»^^-
' -7k-
/^
Fig. 1. Gyrodus macrophthalmus Agassiz. C. M. Cat. Fos.s. Fi.shk.s, No. 1734. 2.">2 mm.
Fig. 2. (hjrodus circtdaris Agassiz. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 44U7. 8.50 .mm.
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.
Plate LXX.
j^*<.
Fig. 1. Ophiopsis proccra Agassiz. C. IM. Cat. Foss. Fi.shes, No. 401H). 140 .mm.
Fig. 2. Megalurus elegantissimus Wagner. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4854. 142 .mm.
Fig. 3. Megalurus lepidotus Agassiz. C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 4732. 305 m.m.
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI,
Plate LXXI,
Fk;. 1. Hi/]>s()corniuy niacrodiin ( W.uin'ku ).
Fid. 2. Hypsocormus macrixhtii (Waiim-.k).
Lower Lohk ok Cai'du,.
Fi(i. 'A. Hypsocormuf: inKkpiis \V\(!NKi;. C
M. Cat. Vn>
,s. FisllKs, X.
x\w.
7l).') MM.
M. Cat. Fos
V FisiiKs. No.
.')lllll.
•III.') MM.
•lioM (
't K\ 1
Cat. Fo.s.s.
Kl.sllK.s, No. .")
i'.tS. .')
id MM.
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.
Plate LXXII.
Fu;. 1. Thrissops salmoncuti (Blainville). C. JNl. Cat. Foss. Fisuks, NO. 4717. L'oO .mm.
Fig. 2. Thrissops formosus Acassiz. C. I\I. Cat. Foss. Fishes, Xo. 4030. 288 .mm.
Fig. 3. Catunis fwxalus Acassiz. C. M. Cxt. Foss. Fishes, Xo. 4774. 238 mm.
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.
Plate LXXIII.
Fhi. 1. Leptolepis gprattiforini:i (Blainville). C M. C\r. Foss. Fishes, Xk. 41().s. •).') .mm.
Fig. 2. Leptolepis sprattiformis (Blainville). C. M. Cat. Foss. Fishes, No. 41(l!t. !).') mm.
Fi(i. 15. Caturus furcatits Agassiz. C. ]\I. C.\t. Foss. Fijshes, Xo. 5049. IHO mm.
Fi(i. 4. Mthalion knorri (Blainville). C. M. ('.\t. Foss. Fishes, Xo. .')()17. LSO mm. oveh all.
INDEX
abax, Eviota, 286
Abbott, Professor Francis James, 2
abbotti, Tsenioides, 58
abbreviatus, Areliscus, 62
abei, Mugilogobius, 287
Aboma snyderi, 287; tsushimae, 56
Abudefduf saxatilis, 261; sordidus, 261
aburaco, Hexagrammus, 48, 49
abyssalis, Lepidotrigla, 283
Acanthocepola limbata, 260; mesaprion,
260
Acanthocybium petus, 27; sara, 27; so-
landri, 27
Acanthodei, 391
Acanthogobio paltschevskii, 15
Acanthogobius flavimanus, 57, 289; hasta,
57; stigmathonus, 57
Acanthorhodeus asmussi, 19, 20; atremius,
206, 227, 229; guichenoti, 19; sciosemus,
206, 228, 229; Key to Japanese species
of, 229
Acanthurus, 266
Acheilognathus, 215, 228, 231; brevianalis,
226; coreanus, 18; cyanostigma, 220,
221, 222, 226; intermedins, 223, 227;
lanceolata, 223, 225; lanceolatus, 222,
224, 227; limbata, 220, 225; limbatus,
222, 226; longipinnis, 229; melanogaster,
223; mesembrinus, 227; moriokse, 206,
220, 221, 225, 227; rhombeum, 218, 220;
rhombeus, 217, 218, 227; shimasui, 222;
signifer, 18; smithi, 226; steenackeri, 218
Achirus plagusia, 63
Actinistia, 355, 392
Actinopterygii, 360
aculeata. Arcana, 268
aculeatum, Ophidium, 63
aculeatus, Centriscus, 325; Rhamphosus,
325; Zoarchias, 63
acutidens, Undina, 357
adamsi, Minous, 276
adenomus, Diaphus, 92
Adontosternarchus, 114; sachsi, 156, 157,
167, 178
^thalion knorri, 422
aequilabiatus, Gymnotus, 122; Stcrnopj--
gus, 122
^thalion, 386
^theospondyli, 375
Aetobatis poeyi, 348
sesticola, Bentenia, 246
affine, Myctophum, 69, 75, 76
affinis, Scopelus, 76
Agassiz, Louis, 350
agassizi, Cyclogaster, 281; Diaphus, 69,
85, 87, 95
agonasi, Polydactylus, 40, 259
Agonidffi, 54, 280
Agrammus agrammus, 49, 277
Aionosus geneionemus, 290
akaara, Epinephelus, 33, 249
akajei, Dasyatis, 6
alascanus, Ammodytes, 301
alata, Lepidotrigla, 283
alatus, Lampanj'^ctus, 103
albiflora, Scisena, 35, 36
albifrons, Gynmotus, 110, 148; Sternarchus,
145, 146, 148, 157, 166, 167, 173, 175,
178, 182, 183, 183, 184
albofasciatus, Sebastiscus, 273
alboplunibeus, Spheroides, 46, 47, 269
albus, Carapus, 118; Gymnotus, 118;
Monopterus, 24
alcocki, Neoscopelus, 67, 69
Alectis ciliaris, 240
Alepocephalidse, 209
Alepocephalus umbriceps, 206, 209
Alexandriuum sp., 316; molini, 316
425
426
INDEX.
altivelis, Plecoglossus, 10, 212
Alutera monoceros, 45
Aniate japoiiica, 310
Ainblj^gaster melanostictum, 7
Amia, 414; indica, 339; kiensis, 247;
lineata, 30; nigra, 247; semilineata, 247;
sialis, 207, 246, 247
Amiidse, 412
Ammodytes alascanus, 301; personatus,
301
Ammodytidse, 301
Amphisile, 323
Amphistium, 330, 348; bozzianum, 332;
paradoxum, 315, 330, 331, 332
Anabantidse, 42
anagirostris, Coelorhynchus, 306
anago, Leptocephalus, 25, 234
anastomella, Tylosurus, 25
Ancistrodon, 419
andersoni, Salarias, 29S
Anguilla japonica, 24, 233
anguillaris, Plotosus, 214
anguillicaudatus, Misgurnus, 14, 214
Anguillidaj, 24, 233
angularis, Histionotus, 364
angustirostris, Limanda, 309
anomala, Psenopsis, 27, 241
anomalus, Triacanthodes, 266
Anoplagonus inermis, 54
ansatus, Trachydermus, 52
Antennariidse, 312
Antennarius nox, 312, 313; tridens, 312
anteorbitalis, Diaphus, 69, 85, 92
Anthias, 251; japonicus, 252; margaritacea,
252; nobilis, 251; pulcher, 252
Antigonia rubescens, 264
Antigoniidse, 264
antiquus, Gillidia, 345; Toxotes, 337, 338,
345
Aoki, Mr. Kumakichi, 205, 206
Aphyocypris chinensis, 17; ensarca, 17
Apistus evolans, 275; venenans, 275
Aploactis aspera, 276
Aplodactylidfe, 259
Apocryptes, 55; chinensis, 55
Apteronotus, 145; passan, 148
Apterygia nigromaculata, 24 ; saccogularis,
24 "
Araias ariommus, 310
Arcana aculeata, 268
Archseopteryic, 390
Arctoscopus japonicus, 47
arcuata, Scisena, 37
"Ardea cocoi," 120
ardens, Franzia, 206, 251
ardesiaca, Nansenia, 206
Areliscus abbreviatus, 62; hoUandi, 3, 62;
interruptus, 312; purpureomaculatus, 63;
rhomaleus, 63; semilsevis, 63
arenatus, Carapus, 122
argentata, Scisena, 38
argentea, Leiognathus, 241
argenteus, Hepatus, 266; Leiognathus, 29;
Stromateoides, 27, 29; Stromateus, 27
Argentinidse, 10
argentiventris, Labracoglossa, 241
argus, Ophicephalus, 42
argyrophanes, Saurida, 212
ariommus, Araias, 310
Ariscopus iburius, 293
artedi, Brachyrhamphichthys, 133, 135;
Hypopomus, 135, 136, 157, 158, 172,
178, 182; Rhamphichthys, 135
arthurius, Pagrus, 34
asakusse, Ophichthys, 235
asiaticus, Gymnotus, 110
Asano, Mr., 205
Aseraggodes kobensis, 310, 311
asiro, Otophidium, 301
asmussi, Acanthorhodeus, 19, 20
asotus, Parasilurus, 12, 213
Aspasma ciconiae, 297; laticephalum, 297;
minimum, 297; misakium, 297
asper, Dasyscopelus, 68, 70, 73, 74; Mac-
rourus, 306
aspera, Aploactis, 276
asperum, Myctophum, 73
Aspidontus elegans, 298
Aspidorhynchidse, 375, 420
Aspidorhynchus, 321; acutirostris, 420;
miinsteri, 376; tenuirostris, 377
Asterospondyh, 391
INDEX.
427
Asthenocormus, 415, 420; retrodorsalis,
417, 419; titanius, 416, 418
Ateleopodidae, 299
Ateleopus japonicus, 299
Atherina bleekeri, 238; tsurugis, 239
Atherinidse, 238
Atherion elymus, 238
athymius, Saurogobio, 17
Atkinson, Mr. William Sackston, 207
atremius, Acanthorhodeus, 206, 229
atriceps, Ctenogobius, 287
atrilatus, Pseudaspius, 207, 231
atripinnis, Bregmaceros, 304
atrolumbus, Cossyphus, 261
Attakeopsis, 383, 421; desori, 383
attenuata, Ophiopsis, 362; Urosphen, 326
Aulacocephalus temmincki, 250
Aulichthys japonicus, 26, 237
Auliscus, 319
Aulopida?, 212
Aulopus japonicus, 212
Aulorhynchidffi, 26, 237
Aulorhynchus, 319
Aulostoma, 320
Aulostomids, 317
aurantiacus, Pseudobagrus, 214
auratus, Carassius, 14
aureovittata, Seriola, 27
Auxis thazard, 26, 240
awoara, Epinephelus, 32
axillaris, Eigenmannia, 131; Sternopygus,
131
azonus, Pleurogrammus, 3, 47
azumanus, Zalanthias, 252
azurio, Choerodon, 261
balsenops, Sternarchella, 151, 152, 178;
Sternarchus, 152
Balistes unicornu, 45
Banjos banjos, 34, 255, 256
Banjosidse, 255
barbatus, Gobius, 342
barbus, Hemibarbus, 15, 214; Barbus
milodon, 16; schlegeli, 15; semibarbus, 14
basilewskianus, Spheroides, 46; Tetraodon,
46
Batoidei, 354, 391, 398
Bayet Collection, 315, 349, 361, 387, 389
Belemnobatis, 354; sismondie, 354, 401
Bellotti, Cristoforo, 243
Belone esocina, 25; microstoma, 25
Belonidfe, 25
Belonostomus miinsteri, 376, 377, 420;
speciosus, 377; subulatus, 378; tabu-
latus, 378; tenuirostris, 377, 378
Bembras japonicus, 280
Bembrida;, 54, 280
"Benimasu," 211
benmebari, Priacanthus, 30
bensasi, Upeneoides, 40; Upeneus, 259
Bentenia sesticola, 246
Berg, Dr. Leo S., 2, 23
bergi, Pseudaspius, 3, 22, 23
bernardi, Microdon, 367, 368; Pj^cnodus,
367
bernadoui, Ctenogobius, 55
Bero elegans, 53
Berycida;, 26, 239
berycoides, Doderleinia, 253
Berj^comorphi, 327
Beryx decadactylus, 26
bicoloratus, Kareius, 60, 310
bidens, Opsariichthys, 21
bifasciatus, Tridentiger, 58, 390
bilineata, Lepidopsetta, 61, 309
biserratus, Rhamphosus, 321
biwse, Cobitis, 214; Leucogobio, 214
bleekeri, Atherina, 238; Halichoeres, 43;
Scisena, 38
Blennidae, 342
Blenniida?, 63, 298
Blennoidei, 342
blochii, Rhamphichthys, 138
Blochiidic, 340
Blochius, 321, 323; longirostris, 341
Boleopthalmus, 55
bona-nox, Convolvulus, 306; Coryphse-
noides, 207, 305
bonaparti, Sternarchus, 146, 147, 150, 157,
159, 178, 182, 184, 185
boninius, Cephalopholis, 206, 248
boops, Mj'ctophum, 80; Scombrops, 30
428
INDEX.
borealis, Spheroides, 46, 269
Bothus, 328
bozzianum, Amphistium, 332
Brachaluteres ulvarum, 267
Brachyopsis rostratus, 280
brachyptera, Remorina, 260
Brachyrhamphichthys artedi, 133, 135;
brevirostris, 134; elegans, 132; miilleri,
136
brachyurus, Carapus, 118; Gymnotus, 118
brama, Pterycombus, 245, 246
Braniidae, 246
brandti, Pollachius, 64; Richardsonius, 18
brasiliensis, Sternarchus, 145, 146, 157,
173, 175, 178, 182
braueri, Myctophum, 80
Bregmaceros atripinnis, 304; japonicus, 304
Bregmacerotidae, 304
brevianalis, Acheilognathus, 226
brevipes, Lycodes, 300
brevirostris, Brachyrhamphichthys, 134;
Hypopomus, 134, 157, 158, 172, 178,
182, 189; Triacanthus, 266; Zanclus, 333
Brotulidaj, 301, 302
brunneuR (Ectenias), 207, 241; GIosso-
gobius, 288
bryope, Zacalles, 298
Bryostemma otohime, 298, 299
burgeri, Dictyostoma, 299
burkei, Careproctus, 206, 281
Byam, Rev. Francis, 347
caballus, Mormyrus, 321
Calico Salmon, 211
californiense, Myctophum, 69, 75, 78
Callionymida;, 58, 293, 297
Callionymus, 295, 296; lunatus, 294; val-
enciennesi, 58, 59, 293; vestens, 332
Calliurichthys, 297; doryssus, 294; japoni-
cus, 294
Callopterus, 375
Calotomus japonicus, 264
Calymmichthys, 297; xenicus, 207, 296
canadum, Rachycentron, 30
candidus, Stromateoides, 28, 241 ; Stroma-
teus, 28
canescens, Chsetodon, 333
Canthigaster rivulatus, 269
cantonensis, Periophthalmus, 55, 286
Capoeta elongata, 16, 215; gracilis, 214;
intermedia, 223: lanceolata, 224; rhom-
bea, 217
Carangid£e, 27, 240, 330
Caranx equula, 240
Carapidse, 301
carapo, 120; Gymnotus, 110, 111, 112, 113,
116, 117, 118, 157, 158, 167, 168, 175,
176, 179, 180, 186, 187; Sternopygus, 125
Carapus albus, 118; arenatus, 122; brachy-
urus, 118; insequilabiatus, 118; macrou-
rus, 122; sagamianus. 301; sanguino-
lentus, 122; carapus, Gymnotus, 122;
Sternopygus, 121
Carassius auratus, 14
cardinalis, Evynnis, 34, 256
Careproctus burkei, 206, 281; curilanus,
282; gilberti, 206, 282: pycnosoma, 282
Caristiidse, 243, 246
Caristius, 243, 246; japonicus, 243, 244,
245; macropus, 243
Carnegie, Andrew, 349, 389
carpio, Cyprinus, 14
Catosteomi, 317
catulinus, Phorcynus, 396
Caturus, 372, 411: caturus, 411; cypri-
noides, 373; driani, 375; elongatus, 374
ferox, 374, 411; furcatus, 373, 374, 411
gracilis, 374, 411; latus, 373; macrodus
373; macrurus, 411; maximus, 373
microchirus, 374, 411; nuchalis, 373
obovatus, 374, 411; pachyurus, 411
cayanus, Pristigaster, 7
Centriscoids, 317, 320
Centriscus, 324; aculeatus, 325
Centrobranchus, 67; chcerocephalus, 69, 84
Centrolophus, 241. 242
Centropholis petersi, 246
Centrophorus, 208
centropomus, Vellitor. 278
Cephalacanthidse, 284
Cephalacanthus, 286
Cephalopholis boninius, 206, 248
429
cephalus, Mugil, 26, 239
Cepola schlegeli, 260
Cepolidse, 260
Ceratiidae, 312
Cestracion falcifer, 393; zitteli, 394
Cestraciontidse, 393
cetopsis, Coreius, 17
Chaenogobius macrognathus, 56, 288
Chaetodon canescens, 333; chirurgus, 334;
lunula, 265; mesoleucus, 334; rhom-
boides, 334; rhombus, 334; setifer, 207,
265; vagabundus, 207, 265
Chffitodontidse, 265, 333
Chseturichthys hexanemus, 290; sciistius,
290; stigmatius, 57
Champsodon vorax, 292
Champsodontidse, 292
chanchua, Scisena, 37
Characidse, 415
Characters common to Electrophorus and
Gymnotus, 112
Chasmias misakius, 289
Chasmichthys dolichognathus, 57, 289;
gulosus, 57, 289
Chaunaxfimbriatus,312,313;pictus,312,313
Cheilodipteridge, 30, 246
cheirophthalmus, Dactyloptena, 285; Ebi-
sinus, 286
Chelidonichthys ischyrus, 206; kumu, 55,
282, 283
Chelidoperca hirundinacea. 250
Chimseroidei, 391
Chimseropsis, 391
chinensis, Aphyocypris, 17; Apocryptes,
55 ; Eperlanus, 1 1 : Hippocampus, 26 ;
Pristigaster, 7; Raja, 5; Zunasia, 7
chirurgus, Chaetodon, 334
Chloea sarchynnis. 56, 289
choerocephalus, Centrobranchus, 69, 84
Choerodon azurio, 261
Chondrostei, 390, 392
chosenicus, Rhodeus, 3, 20
Chromis notatus, 42, 261
Chrysophrys swinhonis, 34, 257
chrysops, Spheroides, 269
chrysorhynchus, Diaphus, 93, 94
chuantsi, Perca, 31
chuatsi, Perca, 31; Siniperca, 30, 31
ciconiae, Aspasma, 297
ciliaris, Alectis, 240
cinctus, Plectorhynchus, 34, 255
cinerascens, Kyphosus, 257
cinereus, Muraenesox, 25, 235; Stromate-
oides, 29
cinnamomeus, Pseudorhombus, 307
cirinensis, Coelacanthus, 358; Undina, 358,
359
cirrhifer, Monacanthus, 266; Stephano-
lepis, 44, 266
Cirrhilabrus temmincki, 262
Cirrhitidse, 41
citrinus, HopUchthys, 279
Cladoselache, 392
Clariger cosmurus, 291
Clinidffi, 298
Clupea dubia, 386; inermis, 7; pallasi, 6;
sprattiformis, 385
Clupeids, 6, 208
clupeoides, Thrissops, 388
Cobitidaj, 12, 214
Cobitis biwse, 214; sinensis, 12; taenia, 214
Coccolepis, 390
Coelacanthidae, 355
Coelacanthus, 355; cirinensis, 358; harlem-
ensis, 357; minutus, 358; penicillatus,
357; striolaris, 357
Coelorhynchus anagirostris, 306; japonicus,
306
coeruleus, Diaphus, 69, 85, 94, 95, 96, 207,
213; Scopelus, 94
Coilia ectenes, 8, 9; nasus, 8
coleanus, Pygaeus, 333
CoUichthys fragihs, 39; lucidus, 38, 39;
niveatus, 39
concatenatum, Ostracion, 268
concatenatus, Lactophrys, 268
Congrellus, 234
Conrad, Bernard, 110
Convolvulus bona-nox, 306
coreanicus, ParaHchthys, 59
coreanus, Acheilognathus, 18; Elxis, 12;
Gnathopogon, 16
430
Coreius cetopsis, 17
Coreoperca herzi, 31 ; whitehead!, 30
cornutus, Pleuronichthys, 309
Coryphsenoides bona-nox, 207, 305; gar-
mani, 306; misakius, 306
cosmurus, Clariger, 291
Cossyphus atrolumbus, 261
costata, Lefua, 12, 13
Cottidffi, 52, 277
cottoides, Pseudoblennius, 278
Cottus poecilopus, 52; pollux, 277
Crenilabrus szajnochse, 335, 336
Cristiceps paradoxus, 343
crocodikis, Inegocia, 279; Thysanophrys,
54
Crossopterygia, 355
Crossopterygii, 392, 402
crossotus, Thysaiiichthys, 272, 273
crumenophthahiia, Trachurops, 240
Cryptocentrus filifer, 288
Cryptops humboldtii, 125, 127; lineatus,
127; virescens, 127
Ctenogobius atriceps, 287; bernadoui, 55;
hadropterus, 55; pflauini, 287; virga-
tulus, 287
Culter erythropterus, 24; ihshaeformis, 24;
recurviceps, 23
cupido, Thalassoma, 263
curilanus, Careproctus, 281
Curimatinse, 415
curriculus, Squaliobarbus, 21
curta, Hymenophysa, 214
curtus, Parabembras, 54
curvh'ostris, Sternarchorhynchus, 141, 142;
Sternarchus, 141
cyanoptems, Solenostomus, 236, 237
cyanostigma, Acheilognathus, 220, 221,
226
Cyclogaster agassizii, 281; frenatum, 281;
tanakse, 281
Cyclogasteridse, 54, 281, 282
Cyclogaster tanakse, 54
Cyclopoma, 348; (?) micracanthum, 339
Cynias manazo, 4
Cynoglossus, 63
Cyprinidse, 14, 214
cyprinoides, Caturus, 373; (Eonoscopus,
383
Cyprinus carpio, 14
Cypselurus hirundo, 25
dabryi, Oreias, 14
Dactyloptena, 286; cheh-opthalmus, 285;
gilberti, 286; orientalis, 284, 285, 286
dactylopterus, Helicolenus, 274
Daicocus, 286
daimio, Pterogobius, 57, 289
Dalanthias, 251
Dapedius, 370, 402, 403
Dasyatidaj, 6, 208
Dasyatis akajei, 6
Dasyscopelus, 67; asper, 68, 70, 73, 74;
opalinus, 70; orientalis, 68, 70, 71, 213;
pristilepis, 70, 71; spinosus, 68, 70, 71,
73, 74, 75; Key to the Japanese species
of, 70
dea, Iniistius, 264
deani, Zebrasoma, 348
Deania, 208; eglantina, 208
decadactylus, Beryx, 26
Decapterus russelh, 240
decemcirrosus, Misgurnus, 14
Dendrochirus jordani, 275
dentex, Osmerus, 10
denticulatus, Notagogus, 365
desori, Attakeopsis, 383; ffionoscopus, 383
Dexistes rikuzenius, 310
Diagramma orientale, 254
diaphanum, Ostracion, 268
Diaphus adenomus, 92; agassizi, 85, 87, 95;
anteorbitalis, 69, 92; chrysorhynchus,
93, 94; cceruleus, 69, 85, 94, 95, 96, 207,
213; elucens, 93; engraulis, 95; gemellari,
86, 87; gigas, 69, 85, 93, 213; glandulifer,
69, 85, 90; lacerta, 86; latus, 69, 85, 95,
213; nanus, 69, 85, 87, 88, 91; nippon-
ensis, 69, 85, 86; perspicillatus, 93;
rafinesquei, 91; saganiiensis, 69, 85, 95,
96, 213; tanaka;, 69, 85, 87; splendidus,
95, 96; watasei, 67, 94, 95; Key to
Japanese species of, 85
Dictyosoma temmincki, 63, 299
431
Dinogunnellus grigorjewi, 64
Dipnoi, 415
Ditrema temmincki, 42, 260
Doderleinia berycoides, 253
Dogfishes, 397
Dog Salmon (the), 211
dolichognathus, Chasniichthys, 57, 289
dorobae, Leuciscus, 18
Dorosomatidae, 8, 208
Doryptena tanegashimae, 290
doryssus, CaUiurichthys, 294
Drian, M., 351
driani, Caturus, 375
dubia, Clupea, 386; Leptolepis, 386; Uro-
sphen, 326
dubius, Leptolepis, 386
Ductor, 348; Leptosomus, 332, 333
Dules, 348; medius, 339; temnopterus, 340
dumerili, Saurogobio, 17
Dumortier, M., 352
dumortieri, Macrosemius, 365
Eastman, Charles R., Catalog of Fossil
Fishes in Carnegie Museum. Part II.
Supplement to Catalog of Fishes from
the Upper Eocene of Monte Bolca,
315-348; Catalog of Fossil Fishes in
Carnegie Museum. Part III. Catalog
of Fossil Fishes from the Lithographic
Stone of Cerin, France, 349-388; Catalog
of Fossil Fishes in Carnegie Museum.
Part IV. Catalog of Fossil Fishes from
the Lithographic Stone of Solenhofen,
Bavaria, 389-423.
Ebisinus cheirophthalmus, 286
Echeneididaj, 260
echinogaster, Stromateoides, 28, 29
ectenes, Coilia, 8, 9
Ectenias brunneus, 207, 241, 242
Eels (Gymnotid) of Tropical America,
109-195. By Max Mapes Ellis.
egertoni, Microdon, 369; Pleuropholis, 382;
Pycnodus, 369; Pygseus, 333
Eigenmann, Carl H., 4, 22, 109, 110, 195,
415
eigenmanni, Parapelecus, 3, 21
Eigenmannia, 113; axillaris, 131; hum-
boldti, 127; macrops, 109, 126, 157, 167,
171, 178, 182, 186, 192; troscheli, 126,
131, 157, 172, 178, 182; virescens, 112,
124, 125, 126, 127, 130, 157, 158, 159,
160, 165, 167, 170, 171, 176, 178, 186,
187, 188, 189, 192, 193
elapoides, Pterogobius, 57, 289
Elasmobranchii, 316, 353, 391, 392
Electric Eel, 114
electricus, Electrophorus, 112, 114, 115,
157, 161, 162, 165, 169, 175, 178, 193,
194; Gymnotus, 110, 114, 115
Electrophoridse, HI, 195
Electrophorus, 113; electricus, 112, 114,
115, 157, 161, 162, 165, 169, 175, 178,
193, 194
elegans, Aspidontus, 298 ; Bero, 53 ; Brachy-
rhamphichthys, 132; Microdon, 367,
369; Sebastichthys, 51, 272, 273; Steato-
genys, 109, 157, 166, 172, 182
Eleginus navaga, 64
elephas, Mormyrus, 321
Ellis, Max Mapes, The Gymnotid Eels of
Tropical America, 109-195
elongata, Capoeta, 16, 215; Ilisha, 7, 208
elongatus, Caturus, 374; Gnathopogon,
215, 217; Lampanyctus, 99, 100; Lucio-
gobius, 291, 292; Zoarces, 299
elucens, Diaphus, 93
elvensis, Lepidotus, 361
Elxis coreanus, 12
elymus, Atherion, 238
Embiotocida?, 42, 260
emblemarius, Helicolenus, 273
Enchelyopus gilli, 64
Enedrias nebulosus, 63, 64, 299
Engraulida?, 8
engrauhs, Diaphus, 95; Scopclus, 94
Engraulis japonicus, 8
Enneaptcrygius etheostoma, 298
enosimse, Scartichthys, 298
ensarca, Aphyocypris, 17
Eobothus, 328, 348
Eocottus, 341, 348; veronensis, 342
Eolabroides, 345, 348; szajnochs, 336
432
INDEX.
Eperlanus chinensis, 11
ephippium, Lutjanus, 345
Ephippus, 348; longipennis, 334; rhombeus,
315
Epinephelus akaara, 30, 33; awoara, 32;
epistictus, 250; ionthas, 3, 32; megacbir,
249, 250 ; morrhua, 249 ; septemf asciatus,
32, 250; tsirimenara, 32
Eptatretidge, 3
Eptatretus burgeri, 3, 4
Equula nuchalis, 29, 241
equula, Caranx, 240
Equulida;, 29, 241
ercodes, Rudarius, 267
erebennus, Leptocephalus, 233, 234
Ernogrammus hexagrammus, 299
erosa, Erosa, 276
eso, Saurida, 12, 212
esocina, Belone, 25
esocinus, Pseudogobio, 15, 16, 214
etheostoma, Enneapterygius, 298
Etrumeus micropus, 7
Eugnathidse, 372, 410
Eugnathus longiserratus, 410
Euthyopteroma virgatum, 253, 254
evermanni, Myctophum, 69, 75, 80
evides, Thysanichthys, 206
Eviota abax, 286
evolans, Apistus, 275
Evynnis cardinalis, 34, 256
Exocoetidse, 25
falcifer, Cestracion, 393
falsani, Histionotus, 364
fasciata, Solea, 60
fasciatus, Carapus, 117; Giton, 118; Gym-
notus, 117; Neobythites, 207, 303, 304;
Oplegnathus, 40, 259; Trachydermus,
52; Zebrias, 60, 61
Fauquier, William, 347
"Felis onca," 120
ferox, Caturus, 374
fibulatum, Myctophum, 81, 82, 83
Fierasferidae, 301
filifer, Cryptocentrus, 288
fimbriatus, Chaunax, 312, 313
fimbriidens, Ranulina, 58
Fishes: Catalog of Fossil Fishes in Car-
negie Museum, Part II, Supplement to
the Catalog of Fossil Fishes from the
Upper Eocene of Monte Bolca, by C. R.
Eastman, 315-348; Lantern-fishes of
Japan, by Charles H. Gilbert, 67-107;
Catalog of Fossil Fishes in Carnegie
Museum, Part III, Catalog of Fossil
Fishes from the Lithographic Stone of
Cerin, France, by C. R. Eastman, 349-
388; Record of, obtained in Japan in
1911, by David Starr Jordan & William
Francis Thompson, 205-313; Known
from the Waters of Korea, by D. Starr
Jordan & C. W. Metz, 1-65.
Fistularia, 320; petimba, 237; serrata, 237
Fistulariidffi, 237
flammeus, Sebastodes, 270
fiavimanus, Acanthogobius, 57, 289
flos-maris, Iso, 238
Fluvidraco fulvidraco, 12; nudiceps, 213
formosus, Thrissops, 387, 388
fornasini, Ostracion, 207, 268
fourneti, Macrosemius, 365
fragilis, Collichthys, 39
Franzia ardens, 206, 251; nobilis, 206, 251,
252
frenatum, Cyclogaster, 281
fulvidraco, Fluvidraco, 12
furcatus, Caturus, 373, 374; Pachycormus,
373; Urseus, 373
Furcina ishikawae, 53; osimse, 277
fuscescens, Sparus, 49; Teuthis, 44, 266
fuscus, Urolophus, 6, 208
Gadida;, 304
Gadoids, 327
Gadus macrocephalus, 65
Galeorhinidse, 4, 207
Ganoids, 415
Garden, Alexander, 158
garmani, Coryphsenoides, 306
Gasterosteidse, 26
Gasterosteus, 318, 323, 324
Gaudry, Professor Albert, 353
INDEX.
433
gazzolse, Trygon, 316
gemellari, Diaphus, 86, 87
Gemphylidaj, 240
geneionemus, Aionosus, 290
Gephyroberyx japonicus, 239
Gervais, M. Paul, 352
gibbosa, Tilesina, 54, 207, 280
gibbus, Pygseus, 333
gigas, Diaphus, 69, 85, 93, 213
Gilbert, Charles H., The Lantern-fishes of
Japan, 67-117
gilberti, CareproctuS; 206, 282; Dacty-
loptena, 286; Hoplichthys, 279; Mycto-
phum, 81; Podothecus, 54; Septipinna, 8
Gill, Dr. Theodore N., 323, 345
gilli, Enchelyopus, 64; Neobythites, 303
Gillidia, 348; antiquus, 345
Gimbel, Jake, 110, 154
gimbeli, Porotergus, 110, 152, 153, 178
Ginglymostoma, 396, 397
Girella mezina, 257; punctata 258; mel-
anichthys, 258
Giton fasciatus, 118; var. pantherinus, 118
gladius, Xiphias, 341
glandulifer, Diaphus, 69, 85, 90
Glanencheli, 111
glaucea, Isuropsis, 207
Glossogobius brunneus, 288
Gnathonemus, 322
Gnathopogon, 16, 17, 214, 217; coreanus,
16; elongatus, 215; gracilis, 214; ishi-
kaw£B, 206, 215; mayedse, 215, 217;
Key to Japanese species of, 217
Gnathypops ij^onis, 293
Gobiesocidse, 297
Gobiidffi, 55, 288, 341
Gobioides, 341
Gobius, 348; barbatus, 342; macrurus, 342;
microcephalus, 344; smyrensis, 332
Goniistius zonatus, 41, 259
Gonoprokopterus mylodon, 16
Gonorhynchida3, 209
Gonorhynchus gonorhynchus, 209
gorbuscha, Oncorhynchus, 9
gracilis. Capoeta, 214; Caturus, 374;
Gnathopogon, 214; Pseudolabris, 262
grandis, Undina, 358, 359
granulatus, Pholidophorus, 381
grigorjewi, DigunncUus, 64; Xystrias, 309
griseus, Mustelus, 207
guichenoti, Acanthorhodeus, 19
guigardi, Ophiopsis, 362, 363
gulosus, Chasmichthys, 57, 289; Sac-
costoma, 289
giintheri, Lepidotrigla, 55, 283; Leuco-
gobio, 16, 215; Sebastodes, 49, 271
guttatus, Luciogobius, 292
Gymnocanthus intermedins, 52
Gymnorhamphichthys, 113; hypostomus,
109, 110, 139, 175, 178, 182
Gymnotid Eels of Tropical America. Bj'
Max Mapes Ellis, 109-195
Gymnotidse, 111, 195; electric organs, 161;
geographical distribution, 157; history of
the literature of, 110; locomotion and
musculature of, 158
Gymnotids, new species of, 109
Gymnotin^, 112, 113
Gymnotus, 113; sequilabiatus, 122; aequi-
labiatus nigriceps, 122; albifrons, 110,
148; albus, 118; asiaticus, 110; brachy-
urus, 118; carapo, 110, 111, 112, 113,
116, 117, 118, 158, 175, 176, 178, 179,
180, 186, 187, var. pantherinus, 119;
carapus, 122; electricus, 110, 114, 115;
fasciatus, 117; longirostris, 137; macru-
rus, 120; obtusirostris, 124; putaol, 118;
regius, 116; rostratus, 110, 137, 138
gymnotus, Porotergus, 109, 152, 153, 178
Gyrodus circularis, 410; frontatus, 410;
hexagonus, 409; macropthalmus, 410
Haase, Prof. Carl, 391
hadropterus, Ctenogobius, 55
hsematochila, Liza, 26, 239
HsemulidiB, 254
hakuensis, Leuciscus, 232; Richardsonius,
18
Halichoeres bleekeri, 43; poecilopterus, 43,
263; "p3Trhogrammus," 43
Halieuta^a stellata, 313
hamiltoni, Trichosoma, 8
434
INDEX.
Hapalogenys mucronatus, 33, 255; nigri-
pinnis, 33, 255
Harengula zuiiasi, 208
harlemensis, Coelacanthus, 357
Haseman, John D., 109, 147
hasemani, Sternarchus, 146, 147, 166, 167,
173, 178, 182, 184
hasta, Acanthogobius, 57; Pomadasis, 33
Hay, 0. P., 317
heckeli, Thrissops, 388
helenae, Macrosemius, 365
Helicolenus dactylopterus, 274; emble-
marius, 273, 274; hilgendorfi, 274
Hemibarbus barbus, 15, 214; joiteni, 15;
labeo, 15; maculatus, 14, 15
Hemibranchii, 317
Hemiramphidae, 25, 238
Hemiramphus japonicus, 238
Hemirhynchus, 321
Hemitremia lagowskyi, 18
Hemitripterus villosus, 54
Heniochus macrolepidotus, 265, 266
Hennig, Dr. E., 370
Hepatidae, 266
Hepatus, 44, 266; argenteus, 266
Herzenstein, Dr. Solomon, 2
herzensteini, Protopsetta, 60
herzi, Coreoperca, 31; Pungtungia, 17
Heterodontidse, 4
Heterodontus japonicus, 4, 391
heterognathus, Leptocephalus, 233
Heterosomata, 327
Hexagrammidse, 47, 277
Hexagrammos otakii, 277
Hexagrammus aburaco, 48, 49; otakii, 48
hexagrammus, Ernogrammus, 299
hexanemus, Chseturichtliys, 290
hilgendorfi, HeUcolenus, 273, 274
"Hinemasu," 211
Hippocampus chinensis, 26, 323
hirundinacea, Chelidoperca, 250
hirundo, Cypselurus, 25
Histionotus angularis, 364; falsani, 364;
oberndorferi, 364; parvus, 405; reclinis,
405
Histiophorus, 323, 341
Histiopteridse, 259
Histiopterus typus, 259
Holland, W. J., 62,315,346,389,396,400,418
hollandi, Areliscus, 3, 62
HoIocentrida3, 239
Holocentrum, 327
Holocentrus, 348; maculatus, 339; spino-
sissimus, 239
Holostei, 392, 402
Homaeolepis, 390, 402; drosera, 403; sub-
orbiculata, 403
Honda, Dr. K., 1, 3, 21
hondae, Pseudoperilampus, 3, 20
HopUas malabaricus, 193
Hoplichthyidse, 279
Hoplichthys citrinus, 279; gilberti, 279;
langsdorfi, 279; regani, 279
humboldti, Cryptops, 125, 127; Eigen-
mannia, 127; Myctophum, 78, 79, 80;
Sternopygus, 125, 127
hyalocranius, Salanx, 11
Hymenophysa curta, 213
Hypopomus, 113; artedi, 135, 136, 157,
158, 172, 178, 182; brevirostris, 134,
157, 158, 172, 182, 189; mulleri, 135
Hyporhamphus sajori, 25, 238
Hypostomides, 320
hypostomus, Gymnorhamphichthys, 109,
110, 139, 175, 178, 182
Hypsocormus, 417, 420; insignis, 414, 415;
macrodon, 416
ibis, Mormyrus, 321
iburius, Ariscopus, 293
Ichthyotomi, 391
Ichthyscopus lebeck, 293
Icichthys, 242
Icosteidse, 242
Icosteus, 242
Icticus, 242; ischanus, 207, 242
Ihara, B., 1, 3
iharse, Scisena, 3, 37
Ijima, Mr. Eitaro, 3, 206; Mr. Isao, 295
ijimae, Sebastodes, 3, 49; Synchiropus, 206,
295
INDEX.
435
Ilisha elongata, 7, 208
ilishfeformis, Culter, 24
immaculatum, Ostracion, 268
insequilabiatus, Carapus, 118
indica, Amia, 339
indicus, Platycephalus, 278
Inegocia crocodilus, 279; japonica, 278, 279
inermis, Anoplagonus, 54; Clupea, 6;
Sebastodes, 51, 271
inghaghitsh, Salmo, 10
Iniistius dea, 264; niger; pavoninus, 264
Inimicus japonicus, 52, 276
iiiimontis, Notagogus, 365
intermedia, Capoeta, 223
intermedius, Acheilognathus, 223, 227;
Gymnocanthus, 52
interruptus, Areliscus, 312
ionthas, Epinephelus, 3, 32
iracundus, Sebastodes, 270
ischanus, Icticus, 207, 242
ischinagi, Stereolepis, 32
Ischyodus, 391
ischyrus, Chelidonichthys, 206, 282
Ishikauia steenackeri, 233
Ishikawa, Professor Chiyomatsu, 217
ishikawse, Furcina, 53; Gnathopogon, 206,
216, 217; Trachypterus, 312
Iso flos-maris, 238
Isospondyli, 379, 421
Istiophoridse, 240
Istiophorus japonicus, 240
Isuropsis glaucea, 207
itakii, Verasper, 309
Itier, M. Jules, 351
itieri, Microdon, 371, 372; Pycnodus, 371
itinus, Sebastodes, 270
iyonis, Gnathypops, 293
izensis, Scorpsena, 274
"Jacana jacana," 120
jaculatrix, Sciaena, 345
Japan, The Lantern-fishes of, 67-107
japonica, Amate, 310; Anguilla, 24, 233
Inegocia, 278; Lepidotrigla, 283, 284
Narce, 208; Pikea, 252; Pteroplatea, 6
Rhinoplagusia, 312; Sciaena, 35; Sillago,
260; Squatina, 5; Zeus, 44
japonicum, Macrostoma, 67, 99
japonicus, Anthias, 252; Arctoscopus, 47;
Ateleopus, 299; Aulichthys, 26, 237;
Aulopus, 212; Bregmaceros, 304; Beni-
bras, 280; Ca?lorhynchus, 306; Calo-
tomus, 264; CalUurichthj-s, 294; Caris-
tius, 243, 244, 245; EngrauHs, 8; Gephy-
roberyx, 239; Hemiramphus, 238; Hete-
rodontus, 4; Inimicus, 52, 276; Istio-
phorus, 240; Lampanyctus, 69, 98, 99;
Lateolabrax, 30, 248; Latilus, 260; Lep-
tocephalus, 233, 234; Macrorhamphosus,
237; Monacanthus, 266; Pseudolabrus.
43, 262; Pempheris, 246; Scomber, 26,
240; Sicyopterus, 290; Squalus, 4, 5;
Stephanolepis, 44; Stolephorus, 208;
Synodus, 212; Trachurus, 27, 240;
Trichiurus, 27, 240; Uranoscoptis, 42
293; Zebrias, 311; Zeus, 264
javus, Teuthis, 44, 266
joiteni, Hemibarbus, 15
Jordan, David Starr, 245
Jordan (David Starr) and William Francis
Thompson, Record of the Fishes ob-
tained in Japan in 1911, 205-313;
A Catalog of Fishes known from the
Waters of Korea, 1-65
jordani, Dendrochirus, 275; Gnathopogon^
217; Lampanyctus, 68, 69, 104; Pterois,
275
Jordanicus, 301; sagamianus, 301; um-
bratilis, 301
Jouy, Pierre Louis, 2
jouyi, Parapelecus, 21
joyneri, Sebastodes, 271
Julis musume, 263
Jungersen, H. F. E., 318
Kareius bicoloratus, 60, 310
kasmira, Lutianus, 252
kenojei, Raja, 5, 208
keta, Oncorhynchus, 9
kiensis, Amia, 247
Kikuchi, T., 3
Kingsbury, Mr., 206
kisutch, Oncorhynchus, 211
436
INDEX.
kobensis, Aseraggodes, 310, 311; Scseops,
308
kohleri, Undina, 357
Konosirus nasus, 8; punctatus, 8, 208
Korea, Catalog of fishes known from waters
of. By David Starr Jordan and Charles
WilUam Metz, 1-65
Koshida, Mr. Tokishiro, 211
KuhliidfB, 248
kumu, CheUdonichthys, 55, 282, 283
kurumeus, Rhodeus, 206, 229, 230
Kusano, Mr. K., 206
Kyphosidse,
Kyphosus cinerascens, 257
labeo, Hemibarbus, 15
Labracoglossa argentiventris, 241
Labrax lyiuy, 30, 31
Labridffi, 43, 261, 335
Labrus malapterus, 343
laeepedii, Sternarchus, 148
lacerta, Diaphus, 86
Lactophrys concatenatus, 268; stellifer,
268; tritropis, 268
Ladislavia taczanowskii, 17
Isevis, Lepidotus, 360, 361
lagowskyi, Hemitremia, 18
Lamnidse, 207
Lampanyctus alatus, 103; elongatus, 99,
100; japonicus, 69, 98, 99; jordani, 68,
69, 104; leucopsarum, 98, 100; macrop-
terus, 68, 69, 101, 102, 104, 106; micro-
chir, 69, 98, 101; nannochir, 68, 69, 100;
niger, 68, 69, 98, 100; oculeus, 102;
punctatissimus, 69, 98, 103; quercinus,
99; townsendi, 98, 99; warmingi, 99;
Key to Japanese species of, 98
Lampetra mitsukurii, 207
lanceolata, Acheilognathus, 223, 225; Ca-
poeta, 224
lanceolatus, Acheilognathus, 224, 227
langsdorfi, Hoplichthys, 279
Lantern-fishes (The) of Japan. By
Charles H. Gilbert, 67-107
Laramichthys rathbunse, 38
Lateolabrax japonicus, 30, 248
laternatum, Myctophum, 69, 75
laticephalum, Aspasma, 297
Latilida;, 260
Latilus japonicus, 260
latipes, Oryzias, 24
latovittata, Oceanops, 260
latus, Caturus, 372; Diaphus, 69, 85, 95,
213; Sparus, 256
lebeck, Ichthyscopus, 293
Lefua costata, 12, 13
Leiocassis longirostris, 12
Leiognathus argentea, 241; argenteus, 29;
rivulata, 241
Lepidaplois macrurus, 262; perditio, 261
Lepidopsetta bilineata, 60, 61, 309
Lepidosteoidei, 402
Lepidotrigla, 383; abyssalis, 284; alata,
283; guntheri, 55, 283; japonica, 283,
284; niicroptera, 55, 283; strauchii, 55,
283
Lepidotus, 370; elvensis, 361; laevis, 360,
361 ; minor, 404; notopterus, 404; ovatus,
404; subundatus, 360
Leptocephalidse, 25, 233
Leptocephalus anago, 25, 234; erebennus,
233, 234; heterognathus, 233; japonicus^
233, 234; megastomus, 234; myriaster,
25, 233; nystromi, 233
leptocephalus, Pseudaspius, 23
Leptolepidse, 384, 421
Leptolepis, 384; dubia, 386, 421, 422;
macrolepidotus, 385; pusillus, 385; sprat-
tiformis, 385, 421, 422
leptorhynchus, Sternarchus, 109, 146, 147,
157, 178, 182, 183
leptosomus, Ductor, 332, 333; Simenchelys,
233; Solenostomus, 236, 237
Leuciscus, 232; dorobse, 18; hakuensis, 232;
taczanowskii, 18, 233
Leucogobio biwse, 214; guntheri, 16, 215;
mayedae, 215, 217
Leucopsarion petersi, 291
leucopsarum, Lampanyctus, 98, 100
lili, Synchiropus, 296
Limanda angustirostris, 309; yokohamae,
60, 309
INDEX.
437
limbata, Acanthocepola, 260; Capoeta, 222
limbatus, Acheilognathus, 220, 222, 226;
Sternopygus, 127
lineata, Amia, 30
lineatus, Cryptops, 127; Rhamphichthys,
138; Sternopygus, 127
Liobagrus reini, 213
Liopsetta obscura, 60
litulon, Lophius, 65
Liza hsematochila, 26, 239
Lobotea surinamensis, 252
Lobotida;, 252
longipennis, Ephippus, 334
longipinnis, Acheilognathus, 219, 226
longirostris, Blochius, 341; Gymnotus, 137;
Leiocassis, 12
Longurio, 17
Lophiidse, 65, 312
Lophiomus setigerus, 65, 312
Lophius Utulon, 65
Lophobranchs, 317
Lotella phj^cis, 304
lucens, Ochetobius, 24
lucidus, ColUchthys, 38, 39
Luciogobius elongatus, 291, 292; guttatus,
292
lunatus, Callionymus, 294
lunula, Chsetodon, 265
lunulata, Pterois, 274
Lutianidae, 262
Lutianus kasmira, 252; quinquelineatus,
207, 252; russeUi, 253; vitta, 253
Lutjanus ephippium, 345
Lycodes brevipes, 300; palearis, 300; reticu-
latus, 300; tanaka;, 207, 299
Lycodidse, 64, 299
lyiuy, Labrax, 30, 31
macracanthus, Priacanthus, 30
macrocephalus, Gadus, 05; Pagrus, 35;
Sparus, 34, 35, 257
macrodus, Caturus, 373; Ophiopsis, 363
macrognathus, Chsenogobius, 56, 288
macrolepidotus, Heniochus, 265, 266; Lep-
tolepis, 385; Neoscopelus, 68, 69
macrolepis, Onigocia, 278; Sternarchus, 150
Macropodus viridi-auratus, 42
Macropoma, 355
macrops, Eigenmannia, 109, 126, 157, 167,
171, 178, 182, 186, 192; Neobythites,
304; Sternopygus, 126; Watasea, 304
macropus, Caristius, 243; Pterachs, 243
macropterum, Myctophum (Lampanyc-
tus), 106
Macrorhamphosidse, 237
Macrorhamphosus japonicus, 237; sagifue,
237
Macrorhipis, 421
macrorhynchus, Ophisurus, 25
Macrosemiidge, 361, 404
Macrosemius, 359, 406; dorsahs, 406;
dumortieri, 365; fourneti, 365; helense,
365; rostratus, 40b ...
Macrostoma, 329
Macrostoma japonicum, 67; quercinum
japonicum, 67, 99
macrostomus, Rhamphosternarchus, 144 ;
Sternarchorhamphus, 144; Sternarcho-
rhynchus, 144; Sternarchus, 144
Macrouridse, 305
Macrourus nasutus, 306; asper, 306
macrourus, Carapus, 122
macrurus, Gymnotus, 120; Lepidaplois,
262; Sternopygus, 121, 124, 125, 157,
158, 159, 169, 175, 178, 182, 186, 187,
188, 189, 190, 192, 194
maculata, Mene, 241
maculatus, Heniibarbus, 14, 15; Holo-
centrus, 339
major, Pagrosomus, 34, 36, 256
malabaricus, Hophas, 193
Malacanthida;, 260
malapterus, Labrus, 343
Manabe, Mr. Yoshiro, 206
manazo, Cynias, 4; Mustelus, 207
manchurica, Sciaena, 38
marcgravii, Sternopygus, 122
margaritacea, Anthias, 252; Sacura, 252
marmoratus, Pseudoblennius, 53, 277;
Rhamphichthys, 137; Sebastes, 273;
Sebasticus, 52, 273
masou, Oncorhynchus, 9
438
INDEX.
Massalongo, A. B., 315
"Masunosuke," 211
matsubarse, Sebastodes, 272
Matsudai, 252
maximilliana, Sternarchus, 148
maximus, Caturus, 373
mayedae, Gnathopogon, 215, 217; Leuco-
gobio, 215, 217
medius, Dules, 339
Medusiie, 390
meerdervoorti. Raja, 5, 208
megachir, Epinephelus, 249, 250
megalodiscus, Rhombochii'us, 260
Megalurus, 412; elegantissimus, 412; lepi-
dotus, 412
megastomus, Leptocephalus, 234
melanichthys, Gireila, 258
melanogaster, Aeheilognathus, 223
melanostictum, Amblygaster, 7
Mene, 348; maculata, 241; novse-hispanise,
346, 347; oblonga, 346, 348; rhombea,
346, 348
Menida;, 241
mesaprion, Acanthocepola, 260
mesembrina (Metzia), 206
mesembrinus, Aeheilognathus, 227
Mesodon, 408; macropterus, 408
mesoleucus, Chsetodon, 334
Mesopus olidus, 10
Metz, Charles W. and David Starr Jordan,
Catalog of fishes known from the waters
of Korea, 1-265
(Metzia) mesembrina, 206, 227
Meyer, Hermann von, 352
meygun, Scisena, 38, 39
mezina, Gireila, 257
micracanthum, Cyclopoma, 339
micracanthus, Smerdis, 339
Microcanthus strigatus, 265
microcephalus, Gobius, 344
microchir, Lampanyctus, 69, 98, 101
microchirus, Caturus, 374
Microdon bernardi, 367, 368; egertoni,
369; elegans, 367, 369; itieri, 371, 372;
sauvanausi, 369; wagneri, 368
microdon, Salanx, 212
microptera, Lepidotrigla, 55, 283
macropterus, Lampanyctus, 68, 69, 98,
101, 102, 104, 106
micropus, Etrumeus, 7
microstoma, Belone, 25
microstomus, Sternopygus, 127
miiuy, Sciaena, 35
minimum, Aspasma, 297
minimus, Eobothus, 328; Rhombus, 328,
329
Minous adamsi, 276; monodactylus, 276
minuta, Undina, 358
minutus, Coelacanthus, 358
miobuta, Rhodeus, 231
mirabilis, Rhamphichthys (Brachyrham-
phichthys), 133
misakium, Aspasma, 297
misakius, Chasmias, 289; Coryphaenoides,
306; Pseudorhombus, 306
Misgurnus anguiUicaudatus, 14, 214;
decemcirrosus, 14
mitsukurii, Lampetra, 207; Sciaena, 36,
258; Sebastichthys, 52, 273; Squalus,
4, 5; Tetrapterus, 240; Zacco, 232
modestus, Monacanthus, 45; Pseudaspius,
3, 23
Mogurnda, 286
molini, Alexandrinum, 316
Monacanthidfe, 44, 266
Monacanthus cirrhifer, 266; japonicus,
266; modestus, 45
monoceros, Alutera, 45
monodactylus, Minous, 276
Monopteridse, 24
Monopterus albus, 24
monopterygius, Pleurogrammus, 48
moriokae, Aeheilognathus, 206, 220, 221,
225, 227
Mormyrops, 321
Mormyrus caballus, 321; elephas, 321;
ibis, 321; numenius, 321; ovis, 321;
tamandua, 321
mormyrus, Sternarchorhynchus, 142;
Sternarchus, 141
morrhua, Epinephelus, 249
moseri, Verasper, 59, 60
INDEX.
439
mucronatus, Hapalogenys, 33, 255
Mugil cephalus, 26, 239; soiuy, 26
Mugilida?, 26, 239
Mugilogobius abei, 287
mulleri, Brachyrhamphichthys, 136; Hypo-
pomus, 135; Rhamphichthys, 133, 135;
Sternarchorhamphus, 142, 143, 174, 175,
182, 183, 184; Sternarchorhynchus, 140,
141, 142; Sternarchus, 142, 185
MullidjB, 39, 259
multifasciata, Neopercis, 293
mlinsteri, Aspidorhynchus, 376; Belono-
stomus, 376, 377
Muraenesocidse, 25, 235
Mursenesox cinereus, 25, 235
muricata, Raja, 316; Trygon, 316
muricatus, Trygon, 316
Mustelus griseus, 207; manazo, 207
musume, Julis, 263
Myctophidse, 213; List of the Japanese
species of the family of, 68
Myctophum, 67; affine, 69, 75, 76; as-
perum, 73; boops, 80; braueri, 80;
cahforniense, 69, 75, 78; evermanni, 69,
75, 80; fibulatum, 81, 82, 83; gilberti,
81 ; humbodti, 78, 79, 80; laternatum, 69,
75, 76; (Lampanyctus) macropterum,
106; nannochir, 100; pterotum, 69, 76,
81, 82, 83; reinhardti, 69, 75, 76, 80;
suborbitale, 69, 76, 82; valdivise, 69, 76,
84
Myliobatidse, 6
MyUobatis rhombus, 6; tobijei, 6
mylodon, Barbus, 16; Gonoprokopterus, 16
myops, Trachinocephalus, 212
myriaster, Leptocephalus, 25, 233
Myripristris, 327
Myridaj, 235
Mynis uropterus, 235
Nakagawa, Mr. Kogetsuko, 206
Nannobrachium nigrum, 100
nannochir, Lampanyctus, 68, 69, 100;
Myctophum, 100
Nansenia ardesiaca, 206, 210; grocnlandica,
210, 211
nanus, Diaphus, 69, 85, 87, 88, 91
Narce japonica, 208
Narcobatida;, 208
Naseus unicornis, 266
Nash, Mrs. Anna Brown, 207
Nash, Mrs. Herbert Charles, 3
nasus, Coiha, 8; Konosirus, 8
nasutus, Macrourus, 306
nattereri, Sternarchogiton, 155, 157, 182,
186; Sternarchus, 155
navaga, Eleginus, 64
nebulosa, Zenopsis, 264
nebulosus, Enedrias, 63, 64, 299
Nemichthyidae, 235
Nemichthys scolopaceus, 235
Neobythites fasciatus, 207; gilli, 303;
macrops, 304; sivicola, 303, 304
Neobythites fasciatus and sivicola. Table
of Comparative Measurements, 303
Neoditrema ransonneti, 42, 43, 260
Neopercis multifasciata, 292; sexfasciata,
41; snyderi, 41
Neoscopelus alcocki, 67, 69; macrolei)i-
dotus, 68, 69
niger, Iniistius, 264; Lampanyctus, 68, 69,
98, 100
nigra, ^\inia, 247
nigrescens, Gymnotus sequilabiatus, 122
nigriceps, Sternopj^gus sequilabiatus, 122
nigripinnis, Hapalogenys, 33, 255
nigromaculata, Apter3'gia, 24
nigromaculatus, Pseudomonacanthus, 267
nigrum, Nannobrachium, 100
Niphon spinosus, 248
niphonius, Pseudopriacanthus, 259; Scom-
beromorus, 26
nipponensis, Diaphus, 69, 85, 86
niveatus, Collichthj-s, 39
nobilis, Anthias, 251; Franzia, 206, 251,
252
nocturnus, Diaphus, 86
Notagogus, 363; decoratus, 407; denticu-
latus, 305; inimontis, 365; ornatus, 366;
pentlandi, 366
notatus, Chromis, 42, 261
novse-hispanise, Mene, 346, 347
440
INDEX.
nox, Antennarius, 312, 313
nozawse, Stromateus, 28
nuchalis, Caturus, 373; Equula, 29, 241;
Urseus, 373
nudiceps, Fluvidraco, 213
"Numbfish," 114
numenius, IVIormyrus, 321
nystromi, Leptocephalus, 233
oberndorferi, Histionotus, 364
oblonga, Mene, 346, 347
obovatus, Caturus, 374
obscura, Liopsetta, 60
obscurum, Sicydium, 291
obscurus, Odontobutis, 55, 286; Tridenti-
ger, 57, 290
obtusata, Sphyrsena, 26
obtusirostris, Gymnotus, 124; Sternopy-
gus, 121, 124, "l57, 178, 182
Oceanops latovittata, 260
ocellatus, Pteraclis, 246; Rhodeus, 20;
Spheroides, 269
ocellifer, Pseudorhombus, 307
Ochetobius lucens, 24
oculeus, Lampanyctus, 102
ocyrhynchus, Therapon, 254
Odonteus, 348; sparoides, 338; var. de-
pressus, 338
Odontobutis obscurus, 55, 286
(Eonoscopus cyprinoides, 383; desori, 383;
elongatus, 384, 386, 421
Ogcophalidse, 313
olidus, Mesopus, 10
Oligopleuridaj, 382
oligolepis, Pseudorhombus, 307; Tarphops,
207, 307; Uranoscopus, 293
Ohgopleuridse, 421
olivaceus, Paralichthys, 308
ommatura, Parapercis, 292
onca, Felis, 120
Oncorhynchus keta, 9, 211; kisutch, 211;
gorbuscha, 9; masou, 211; nerka, 211;
tschawytscha, 211; yessoensis, 211
Onigocia macrolepis, 278; spinosa, 278
opalescens, Platyberyx, 245
opalinus, Dasyscopelus, 70
opercularis, Polyacanthus, 42; Synchiro-
pus, 296, 297
OphicephaUdse, 42
Ophicephalus argus, 42; peldnensis, 42
Ophichthyida;, 25, 235
Ophichthys asakusse, 235
Ophidiida;, 301
Ophidium aculeatum, 63
Ophiopsis attenuata, 362, 405; guigardi,
362, 363; macrodus, 363; procera, 363,
404; tenuiserrata, 405
Ophisurus macrorhynchus, 25; serpens, 25
Opisthognathidse, 293
Oplegnathida;, 40, 259
Opiegnathus fasciatus, 40, 259; punctatus,
259
Opsariichthys bidens, 21; uncirostris, 21,
232
oreas, Orthrias, 14
Oreias dabryi, 14; toni, 13
orientale, Diagramma, 254; Peristedion, •
284, 285
orientalis, Dactyloptena, 284, 285, 286;
Dasyscopelus, 68, 70, 71, 213
ornatus, Notagogus, 366
Orthosternarchus, 113; tamandua, 144,
182, 186
Orthrias oreas, 14
oryza3, Rhodeus, 230, 231; Tanakia, 206,
230, 231
Oryzias latipes, 24
osimse, Furcina, 277
Osmerus dentex, 10, 11
Osteoglossum prionostoma, 40
Ostraciidse,
Ostracion concatenatum, 268; diaphanum,
268; immaculatum, 268; fornasini, 207,
268; stellifer, 268; triqueter, 268
Otaki, Mr. Y., 206
otakii, Hexagrammus, 48, 277
otohime, Bryostemma, 298, 299
Otophidium asiro, 301
ovatus, Pholidophorus, 380, 381 ; Thrissops,
387
ovis, Mormyrus, 321
Owston, Alan, 67, 95, 205, 206, 213
INDEX.
441
owstoni, Sebastodes, 206, 270
Owstonia totomiensis, 293
oxyrhynchus, Sternarchorhynchus, 140,
142, 174, 178, 182
pachycephalus, Sebastichthys, 52, 273
Pachycormidse, 412, 416, 419
Pachycormus, 415, 420; furcatus, 373
psegnius, Solenostemus, 207, 235, 236
Pagrosomus major, 34, 36, 256
Pagrus arthurius, 34; macrocephalus, 35
Palseoniscidse, 390
PaljEoscyllium formosum, 397, 398
Palseospinax, 391
palearis, Lycodes, 300
pallasi, Clupea, 6
paltschevskii, Acanthogobio, 15
pantherinus, Giton, var. fasciatus, 118;
Gymnotus carapo, vai'. 119; Rham-
phichthys, 138
Parabenibras curtus, 54
Paracentropogon rubripinnis, 52, 275
Parachaeturichthys poljaiemus, 289
Paracheilognathus, 226; rhombea, 218;
rhombeus, 21 S
paradoxum, Amphistium, 330, 331, 332
paradoxus, Cristiceps, 343; Pterygocepha-
lus, 343; Solenostomus, 236, 237
Paralichthys coreanicus, 59; olivaceus, 308;
percocephalus, 59; swinhonis, 59
Parapelecus eigenmanni, 3, 21 ; jouyi, 21
Parapercis omniatura, 292; pulchella, 292
Parapristipoma trilineatuni, 254
Parasilurus asotus, 12, 213
Parathrissops furcatus, 423
pardalis, Spheroides, 45, 269
parva, Pseudorasbora, 232
passan, Apteronotus, 148
pavoninus, Iniistius, 264
Pegasidcc, 318
pekinensis, Ophicei)halus, 42
Pempheridtr, 246
Pempheris japonicus, 246
penicillata, Undina, 357, 358, 359
penicillatus, Coelacanthus, 357
Penopus, 302
pentlandi, Notagogus, 366
Perca chuatsi, 31; chuantsi, 31
Percida;, 338
Perciformes, 327
percocephalus, Paralichthj's, 59
Percoidei, 330
percoides, Pseudoblennius, 53, 278
Percomorphi, 330
perditio, Lepidaplois, 261
Periopthalmus cantonensis, 55, 286
Peristediidse, 284
Peristedion orientale, 284, 285
personatus, Ammodytes, 301
perspicillatus, Diaphus, 93
petersi, Centropholis, 246; Leucopsarion,
291
Peterson, O. A., 315, 401, 418
petjmba, Fistularia, 237
Pctromyzonida?, 207
petus, Acanthocybium, 27
pflaumi, Ctenogobius, 287
Pholidophoridse, 379, 421
Pholidophorus granulatus, 381; macro-
cephalus, 421; magnus, 421; ovatus, 380,
381 ; simihs, 380, 381
Pholis taczanowskii, 64
Phorcynis catulina, 396
Phorcynus catulinus, 396
Phoxinus, 18
phycis, Lotella, 304
pica, Plectorhynchus, 207, 254
pictus, Chaunax, 312, 313; Plectorhynchus^
255
Pikea japonica, 252
Pine-cone Porgy, 252
pinguis, Sphyrspna, 239
Plagiostomi, 353, 391, 393
plagusia, Achirus, 63
Platacids, 265
Platax, 327, 329; teira, 265
platessa, Pleuronectes, 330
Platichthys stellatus, 60, 310
Platyberyx opalescons. 245
Platycephalida>, 54, 278
Platycophalus indicus, 54, 278
platypus, Zacco, 232
442
INDEX.
Plecoglossus altivelis, 10, 212
Plectorhynchus cinctus, 34, 255; pica, 207;
pictus, 255
Pleuracanthus, 392
Pleurogrammus azoniis, 3, 47; monop-
terygius, 48
Pleuronectes platessa, 330; quadratulus,
328; scutifer, 60
Pleuronectidse, 59, 306
Pleuronectoidea, 327
Pleuronichthys cornutus, 309
Pleuropholis, 381; egertoni, 382; serrata,
382; thioUieri, 382
Pleuropterygii, 391
Plotosidse, 214
Plotosus anguillaris, 214
Podothecus gilberti, 54; thompsoni, 54
pcBcilonotus, Spheroides, 269
pcecilopterus, Halichoeres, 43
pcecilopus, Cottus, 52
poeyi, Aetobatis, 348
Pollachius brandti, 64
pollux, Cottus, 277
Polyacanthus opercularis, 42
Polydactylus agonasi, 40, 259; prionos-
tomus, 40; sectarius, 40; xanthonemus,
40
Polynemidse, 40, 259
polynemus, Parachgeturichthys, 289
Polyodon, 392
Pomacentridse, 261, 338
Pomadasis hasta, 33
pondicerranium, Rachj'centron, 30
Porotergus, 113; gimbeli, 110, 152, 153,
178; gymnotus, 109, 152, 153, 178
Prentice, Mr. S., 418
pretiosus, Ruvettus, 240
Priacanthidai, 30, 259
Priacanthus benmebari, 30; macracanthus,
30
Priem, Professor F., 361
prionostoma, Osteoglossum, 40
prionostomus, Polydactylus, 40
Pristigaster cayanus, 7; chinensis, 7
pristilepis, Dasyscopelus, 70, 71
Pristipomoides sieboldi, 253
Pristiurus, 391
procera, Ophiopsis, 363
Propterus conidens, 407; microstomus, 406 ;
speciosus, 407
Protaulopsis, 319
Protopsetta herzensteini, 60
Protosphyrsena, 420
Protospondyli, 360, 390
Protosyngnathus, 319
Psenopsis anomala, 27, 241
Psettodes, 331
Psettus, 327, 329
Pseudanthias venator, 252
Pseudaspius, 232; atrilatus, 207, 231;
bergi, 3, 22, 23; leptocephalus, 23;
modestus, 3, 23
Pseudobagrus aurantiacus, 214
Pseudoblennius cottoides, 278; marmo-
ratus, 53, 277; percoides, 53, 278
Pseudogobio esocinus, 15, 16, 214; rivu-
laris, 15; sinensis, 15
Pseudolabrus gracilis, 262; japonicus, 43,
262
Pseudomonacanthus nigromaculatus, 267;
unicornu, 45
Pseudoperilampus hondse, 3, 20; typus, 21
Pseudopriacanthus niphonius, 259
Pseudorasbora, 17; parva, 16, 232
Pseudorhombus cinnamomeus, 307; misa-
kius, 306; ocellifer, 307; oligolepis, 307
Pteraclidaj, 246
Pteraclis, 244, 245; macropus, 243; ocel-
latus, 246; velifera, 246
Pterogobius daimio, 56, 289; elapoides, 57,
289; zacalles, 289
Pterois jordani, 275; lunulata, 274
Pteroplatea japonica, 6
Pteropsaridae, 41, 292
pterotum, Myctophum, 69, 76, 81, 82, 83
pterotus, Scopelus (Myctophum), 81
Pterycombus brama, 245, 246
Pterygocephalus, 348; paradoxus, 343
Pthinobranchii, 317
pulchella, Parapercis, 292
pulcher, Anthias, 252
punctata, Girella, 258
A
443
punctatissimus, Lampanyctus, 69, 98, 103;
Stromateus, 28
punctatus, Konosirus, 8, 208; Oplegnathus,
259
Pungtungia herzi, 17
purpurascens, Seriola, 240
purpureomaculatus, Areliscus, 63
pusillus, Leptolepis, 385
putaol, Gymnotus, 118
Pycnodonticte, 367, 408
Pycnodvis bernardi, 367; egertoni, 369;
itieri, 371; sauvanausi, 369; wagneri, 368
pycnosoma, Careproctus, 282
Pygseus, 333, 348; coleanus, 333; egertoni,
333; gibbus, 333
Pygosteus sinensis, 26
"pyrrhogrammus," Halichoeres, 43
quadratulus, Pleuronectes, 328
Quelch, J. J., 116
quercinus, Lampanyctus, 99
quinquelineatus, Lutianus, 207, 252
Rachycentridse, 30
Rachycentron canadum, 30; pondicer-
ranium, 30
Radcliffe, Mr. Lewis, 302
radcliffei, Spectrunculus, 207, 301, 302
rafinesquei, Diaphus, 91
Raia rhinobatos, 400
Raja chinensis, 5; kenojei, 5, 208; meerder-
voorti, 5, 6, 208; muricata, 316
RajidsB, 5, 208
ransonneti, Neoditrema, 42, 43, 260
Ranulina fimbriidens, 58
rastrum, Rhamphosus, 321, 324, 325;
Uranoscopus, 324
rathbunse, Laramichthys, 38
recurviceps, Culter, 23
Regan, Dr. C. T., 245, 317
regani, Hoplichthys, 279
regius, Gymnotus, 116
regleyi, Thrissops, 387
reinhardti, Myctophum, 69, 75, 76, 80;
Rhamphichthys, 138; Scopelus, 80
reini, Liobagrus, 213
Reis, Dr. Otto M., 402
Remorina brachyptera, 260
reticulatus, Lycodes, 300; Semicossyphus,
43, 261
Rhamphichthyidaj, 195
Rhamphichthys artedi, 135; blochii, 138;
brevirostris, 134; elegans, 132; Uneatus,
138; marmoratus, 137; mirabilis, 133;
miilleri, 133, 135; pantherinus, 138;
reinhardti, 138; rostratus, 112, 137, 157,
158, 174, 176, 178, 181, 182
Rhamphosidse, 320
Rhamphosternarchus macrostomus, 144
Rhamphosus, 320, 348; aculeatus, 325;
biserratus, 321; rastrum, 321, 324, 325
Rhinichthys, 23, 232
Rhinobates, 400
Rhinobatida?, 5, 354, 400
Rhinobatus, 391, 398; bugesiacus, 400;
schlegeh, 5
Rhinoplagusia japonica, 312
Rhodeops, 226
Rhodeus, 227; chosenicus, 3, 19; kurumeus,
206, 229, 230; miobuta, 231; ocellatus,
20; oryzcT, 230, 231
rhomaleus, Areliscus, 63
rhombea, Capoeta, 217; Mene, 246, 348;
Paracheilognathus, 218
rhombeum, Acheilognathus, 218
rhombeus, Acheilognathus, 217, 218, 226,
227; Paracheilognathus, 218
Rhombochirus megalodiscus, 260
rhomboides, Cha^todon, 334
Rhombus, 328, 348; minimus, 315, 328, 329
rhombus, Chsetodon, 334; Ephippus, 334;
Myliobatis, 6
Richardsonius brandti, 18; hakuensis, 18;
semotilus, 18
rikuzenius, Dexistes, 310; Urocampus, 237
riukiuanus, Leptocephalus, 233, 234
rivularis, Pseudogobio, 15, 16
ri\ailata, Leiognathus, 241
rivulatus, Canthigaster, 269
rostratus, Brachyopsis, 280; Gymnotus,
110, 137, 138; Rhamphichthys, 112,
137, 157, 158, 174, 176, 178, 181, 182
444
rubescens, Antigonia, 264
rubripes, Spheroides, 45
rubripinnis, Paracentropogon, 52, 275
Rudarius ercodes, 267
russelli, Decapterus, 240; Lutianus, 253
Ruvettus pretiosus, 240
saccogularis, Apterygia, 24
Saccostoma gulosus, 289
sachsi, Adontosternarchus, 156, 157, 167,
178; Sternarchogiton, 156; Sternarchus,
155, 156
Sacura margaritacea, 252
Safole tseniura, 248
sagamianus, Carapus, 301; Jordanicus, 301
sagamiensis, Diaphus, 69, 85, 95, 96, 213
sagifue, Macrorhamphosiis, 237
Sagimoto, Mr. M., 206
sajori, Hyporhamphus, 25, 238
Salangida;, 11, 212
Salanx hyalocranius, 11; niicrodon, 212
Salarias andersoni, 298
Salmo, 211; inghaghitsh, 10; macrostomus,
211
Salmonida?, 9, 211
sanguinolentus, Carapus, 122
Saporta, Count de, 352
sara, Acaiithocybium, 27
sarchynnis, Chloea, 56, 289
Sarcocheilichthys variegatus, 214
Sardinella zunasi, 7
Saurida argyrophanes, 212; eso, 12, 212
Saurogobio athymius, 17; dumerili, 17
Sauropsis curtus, 414; depressus, 412;
longimanus, 412, 413, 414
sauvanausi, Microdon, 369; Pycnodus, 369
saxatilis, Abudefduf, 261
Scseops kobensis, 308
scalprum, Xesurus, 266
Scarichthyidge, 264
Scartichthys enosimse, 298
scherzeri, Siuiperca, 30, 31
schlegeli, Barbus, 15; Cepola, 260; Rhino-
batus, 5; Scisena, 37, 258; Sygnathus,
25, 237
Schmidt, Dr. Peter, 2
schneideri, Rhamphichthys, 138
schomburgkii, Rhamphichthys, 137
schotti, Sternarchella, 151, 152, 178; Stern-
archus, 150, 151, 152
Scisena albiflora, 35, 36; arcuata, 37;
argentata, 38; bleekeri, 38; chanchua, 37;
jaculatrix, 345; japonica, 35; meygun,
38, 39; manchurica, 38; miiuy, 35;
mitsukurii, 36, 258; schlegeU, 37, 258;
tenlo, 35, 36 ; yeddoensis, 38
Scisenidae, 35
sciistius, Chseturichthys, 290; Xyrichthys,
206, 263
sciosemus, Acanthorhodeus, 206, 228, 229
scolopaceus, Nemichthys, 235
Scomber japonicus, 26, 240
Scomberomorus niphonius, 26; sinensis, 27
Scombrida;, 26, 240
Scombroidei, 340
Scombrops boops, 30
Scopelus affinis, 76 ; cseruleus, 94 ; engrauUs,
94; pterotum, 81; reinhardti, 80; spino-
sus, 73
Scorpsena izensis, 274
Scorpsenidse, 49, 270
scutifer, Pleuronectes, 60
Scyllidse, 396
Scyllium, 391, 397
scyllium, Triakis, 4
Sebastes marmoratus, 273
Sebastichthys elegans, 51, 272, 273; mit-
sukurii, 52, 273; pachycephalus, 52, 273;
vulpes, 51
Sebastiscus albofasciatus, 273; marmora-
tus, 52, 273
Sebastodes flammeus, 270; glintheri, 49,
271; ijimse, 3, 49; inermis, 51, 271;
iracundus, 270; itinus, 270; joyneri, 271;
matsubarae, 272; owstoni, 270; schlegeU,
49, 50; steindachneri, 270; taczanowskii,
511; tokionis, 271, 272; trivittatus, 51
sectarius, Polydactylus, 40
securifer, Stromateus, 29
Selachii, 391, 393
semiarmatus, Trachurus, 27
semibarbus, Barbus, 14
445
Semicossyphus reticulatus, 43, 261
semilaevis, Areliscus, 63
semilineata, Amia, 247
Semionotida;, 360, 390, 402
semotilus, Richardsonius, 18
septemfasciatus, Epinephelus, 32, 250
Seriola aureovittata, 27; purpurascens, 240
serpens, Ophisurus, 25
Serranida?, 30, 248
serrata, Fistularia, 237; Pleuropholis, 382
setifer, Chajtodon, 207, 265
setigerus, Lophiomus, 65, 312
Setipinna gilberti, 8
sexfasciata, Neopercis, 41, 293
Shimada, Sekko, 3
shimasui, Acheilognathus, 222
''Shore Fishes of the Challenger," 237
sialis, Amia, 207, 246
Sicydium obscurum, 291
Sicyopterus japonicus, 290, 291
sieboldi, Pristipomoides, 253; Zacco, 232
Siganus, 44, 266
signatus, Diaphus, 95, 96, 97
signifer, Acheilognathus, 18
sihama, Sillago, 41, 259
Sillaginidse, 41
Sillago japonica, 260; sihama, 41, 259
Siluridaj, 12, 213
Silurus calvarius, 12
Simenchelyid:e, 233
Simenchelys leptosomus, 233
similis, Ctenogobius, 286, 287; Pholido-
phorus, 380, 381
Sindo, Mr. Michitaro, 206
sinensis, Cobitis, 12; Pseudogobio, 15;
Pygosteus, 26; Scomberomorus, 26
Siniperca chuatsi, 30, 31; scherzeri, 30, 31
sismondse, Belemnobatis, 354
sivicola, Neobythites, 303; Watasea, 303
Smerdis micracanthus, 339
Smith, Dr. Hugh M., 245
smithi, Acheilognathus, 226
smyrensis, Gobius, 332
snyderi, Neopercis, 41, 287
soiuy, Mugil, 26
solandri, Acanthocybium, 27
Solea, 328; fasciata, 60
Soleida;, 60, 310
Solenichthyes, 317, 318
Solenostomidse, 235
Solenostomus cyanopterus, 236, 237 ; lepto-
somus, 236, 237; pajgnius, 207, 235, 236;
paradoxus, 236, 237
Soles, 327
sordidus, Abudefduf, 261
spadiceus, Spheroides, 269
Sparidaj, 34, 256, 335
Sparnodus, 348; vulgaris, 335
sparoides, Odonteus, 338
Sparus fuscescens, 49; latus, 256; macro-
cephalus, 34, 35, 257; swinhonis, 35
Spathobatis mirabilis, 400
speciosus, Belonostomus, 377
Spectrunculus radcliffei, 207, 301, 302
Spheroides alboplumbeus, 46, 47; basilew-
skianus, 46; borealis, 46, 269; chrj'sops,
269; ocellatus, 269; pardahs, 45, 269;
poecilonotus, 269; rubripes, 45; spadi-
ceus, 269; vermicularis, 46; xanthop-
terus, 45
Sphyrsena obtusata, 26; pinguis, 239
Sphyrsenidse, 26, 239
Sphyrna zygtena, 4, 207
Sphyrnida;, 4, 207
spilurus, Upeneus, 259
Spinachia, 318, 319
spinosa, Onigocia, 278
spinosissimus, Holocentrus, 239
spinosus, Dasycopelus, 68, 70, 71, 73, 74.
75; Niphon, 248; Scopelus, 73
Spirinchus thaleichthys, 11; verecundus, 3,
11
splendidus, Diaphus, 95, 96
sprattiformis, Clupea, 385; Leptolepis, 385
Squalida;, 4, 208
Squaliobarbus curriculus, 21
Squalus japonicus, 4; mitsukurii, 4
squamistrigatus, Tridentigcr, 291
Squatina alifera, 399; japonica, 5; minor,
399; speciosa, 400
Squatinidie, 5, 398
Starks, Prof. Edwin C'hapin, 243, 318
446
INDEX.
Steatogenys, 113; elegans, 109, 132, 157,
166, 172, 182
steenackeri, Achilognathus, 218; Ishikauia,
233
steindachneri, Sebastodes, 270
stellata, Halieutsea, 313
stellatus, Platichthys, 60, 310
stellifer, Lactophrys, 268; Ostracion, 268
Stephanolepis cirrhifer, 44, 266; japonicus,
44
Stereolepis ischinagi, 31, 32
Sternarchella, 113; balsenops, 151, 152,
178; schotti, 151, 152, 178
SternarchidiE, 195
Sternarchinaj, 112, 113, 195
Sternarchogiton, 113; nattereri, 155, 157,
182, 186; sachsi, 156
Sternarchorhamphus, 113; macrostomus,
144; mulleri, 142, 143, 174, 175, 182,
183, 184; tamandua, 144
Sternarchorhynchus, 113; curvirostris, 141,
142; macrostomus, 144; mormyrus, 142;
mulleri, 140, 141, 142; oxyrhynchus, 140,
142, 174, 178, 182
Sternarchus albifrons, 113, 145, 146, 148,
157, 158, 166, 167, 173, 175, 178, 182,
183, 184; balaenops, 152; bonaparti, 146,
150, 157, 159, 178, 182, 184, 185;
brasiliensis, 145, 146, 157, 173, 175, 178,
182; curvirostris, 141; hasemani, 146,
147, 157, 166, 167, 173, 178, 182, 184,
185; lacepedii, 148; leptorhynchus, 109,
146, 147, 157, 178, 182, 183; macrolepis,
150; macrostomus, 144; maximilliana,
148; mulleri, 142, 185; nattereri, 155;
sachsi, 155, 156; schotti, 150, 151, 152;
tamandua, 144
Sternopygidse, HI
Sternopygina;, 112, 113, 195, 415
Sternopygus, 113; sequilabiatus, 122; axil-
laris, 131; carapo, 125; carapus, 121;
humboldtii, 125, 127; limbatus, 127;
lineatus, 127; macrops, 126; macrurus,
121, 124, 125, 157, 158, 159, 169, 178,
182, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 194;
marcgravii, 122; microstomus, 127;nigri-
ceps, 122; obtusirostris, 121, 124, 157,
178, 182; troscheU, 131; tumifrons, 127;
virescens, 127, 165
Stethojulis terina, 262; trossula, 262, 263
stigmathonus, Acanthogobius, 57
stigmatius, Chseturichthys, 57
Stolephorus japonicus, 208
strauchii, Lepidotrigla, 55, 283
strigatus, Microcanthus, 265
striolaris, Coelacanthus, 357
striolatus, Undina, 357
Stromateida;, 27, 241
Stromateoides argenteus, 27, 28; candidus,
28, 241 ; cinereus, 29; echinogaster, 28, 29
Stromateoididse, 27, 241
Stromateus argenteus, 28, 28 ; candidus, 28 ;
nozawse, 28; punctatissimus, 28; securi-
fer, 29
suborbitale, Myctophum, 69, 76, 82
subovatus, Thrissops, 387
subulatus, Belonostomus, 378
subundatus, Lepidotus, 360
surinamensis, Lobotes, 139
swinhonis, Chrysophrys, 34, 257; Paral-
ichthys, 59; Sparus, 35
"sword-fishes," 420
Syllaginida;, 259
Symphodus, 335, 348; szajnochse, 336
Synchiropus, 296; ijimse, 206, 295; opercu-
laris, 296, 297
Syngnathidse, 25
Syngnathus, 323; schlegeh, 25, 237
Synodontida;, 12, 212
Sy nodus japonicus, 212
szajnochse, Crenilabrus, 335, 336; Eola-
broides, 336; Symphodus, 336
tabira, Acheilognathus, 206, 220, 226
tabulatus, Belonostomus, 378
taczanowskii, Ladislavia, 17; Leuciscus,
18, 233; Pholis, 64; Sebastodes, 51
taenia, Cobitis, 214
Tsenioides abbotti, 58
tseniura, Safole, 248
Taius tumifrons, 34, 35, 256
Takamura, Mr. T.,
INDEX.
447
tamandua, Mormj^rus, 321; Orthostern-
archus, 144, 182, 186; Sternarcho-
rhamphus, 144; Sternarchus, 144
Tanaka, Shigeho, 90, 205
tanakiE, Cydogaster, 54, 281 ; Diaphus, 69,
85, 87; Lycodes, 207, 299
Tanakia, 231 ; oryzae, 206, 230, 231
tanegashimse, Doryptena, 290
Tarphops, 307; oligolepis, 207, 307
Tectospondyli, 391
teira, Platax, 265
Teleostei, 317, 392
Teleostomi, 355, 392, 402
Tembladore, 114
temniincki, Aulacocephalus, 250; Cirrhi-
labrus, 262; Dictyosoma, 63; Ditrema,
260; Zacco, 21, 232
temnopterus, Dules, 340
tenlo, Sciaena, 35, 36
tenuirostris, Aspidorhj^nchus, 377 ; Belono-
stomus, 377, 378
Terauchi, Governor General of Korea,
1,3
terina, Stethojulis, 262
Tetragonolepis, 402, 403
Tetrapdon basilewskianus, 46
Tetraodontidse, 45, 269
Tetrapturus niitsukurii, 240
Teuthida>, 44
Teuthidida;, 266
Teuthis, 266; fuscescens, 44, 266; javus,
44, 266
Thalassoma cupido, 263
thaleichthys, Spirinchus, 11
thazard, Auxis, 26, 240
Therapon ocyrhynchus, 254
theta, Diaphus, 91
Thiolliere, Victor, 350, 351
thiollieri, Pleuropholis, 382
thompsoni, Podothecus, 54
Thoracostei, 317, 318
Thrissops, 386, 398, 422; clupeoides, 388;
formosus, 387, 388, 423; heckeli, 388;
ovatus, 387; regleyi, 387; salmoneus,
422; subovatus, 387
Thvellina, 398
Thycanichthys crossotus, 272, 272; evides,
206, 272
Thysanophrys crocodilus, 54
Tiger-fish, 120
Tilesina gibbosa, 54, 207, 280
tobijei, Myliobatis, 6
tokionis, Sebastodes, 271, 272
toni, Oreias, 13
totomiensis, Owstonia, 293
townsendi, Lampanyctus, 68, 69, 98, 99
Toxotes, 348; antiquus, 337, 338, 345
Toyo Kisen Kaisha, 205
Trachinocephalus myops, 212
Trachurops crumenophthahna, 240
Trachurus japonicus, 27, 240; semiarmatus,
27; trachurus, 27
Trachydermus ansatus, 52; fasciatus, 52
Trachypteridse, 312
Trachypterus ishikawse, 312
Triacanthidfe, 266
Triacanthodes anomalus, 266
Triacanthodidse, 266
Triacanthus brevirostris, 266
Triakis scylHum, 4, 207
Trichiuridae, 27, 240
Trichiurus japonicus, 27, 240
Trichodoutidis, 47
Trichosoma hamiltoni, 8
tridens, Antennarius, 312
Tridentiger bifasciatus, 58, 290; obscurus,
57, 290; squamistragus, 291
TrigUdtt, 55, 282
trilineatuni, Parapristipoma, 254
trivittatus, Sebastodes, 51
triqueter, Ostracion, 268
tritropis, Lactojihrys, 268
Tropidostus, 238
troscheli, Eigenmannia, 126, 131, 157, 172,
178, 182; Sternopygus, 131
trossula, Stethojuhs, 262
Trygon, 348; gazzolae, 316; muricata, 316;
muricatus, 316
Trygonida?, 316
Trygonobatis vulgaris, 316
Trypauchen waka', 292
tsirimenara, Epinephelus, 32
448
INDEX.
tsurugfe, Atherina, 239
tsushimse, Aboma, 56
Tucker, William, 110
tumifrons, Sternopygus, 127; Taius, 34, 35,
256
Tylosurus anastomella, 25
typus, Histiopterus, 259; Pseudoperilam-
pus, 21
ulvarum, Brachaluteres, 267
umbratilis, Jordaiiicus, 301
umbriceps, Alepocephalus, 206
uncirostris, Opsariichthys, 21, 232
Undina, 355, 356, 390; acutidens, 357;
cirinensis, 358, 359; grandis, 358, 359;
kohleri, 357; niinuta, 358; penicillata,
357, 358, 359, 402; striolatus, 357
unicornis, Naseus, 266
unicornu, Balistes, 45; Pseudomonacan-
thus, 45
Upeneoides bensasi, 39, 40
Upeneus bensasi, 259; spilurus, 259
Urgeus furcatus, 373; nuchalis, 373
Uranoscopidse, 42, 293
Uranoscopus japonicus, 42, 293; oligolepis,
293; rastrum, 324
Urocampus rikuzenius, 237
Urolophus fuscus, 6, 208
uropterus, Myrus, 235
Urosphen, 320, 325, 348; attenuata, 326;
dubia, 326
Urosphenidaj, 320, 325
Usinosita, 312
vagabundus, Chsetodon, 207, 265
Vaimosa, 287
valdivise, Myctophum, 69, 76, 84
valenciennesi, Callionymus, 58, 59, 293
variegatus, Sarcocheilichthys, 214; Veras-
per, 59, 60
Vaughan, Dr. T. Wayland, 348
velifer, Caturus, 375; Pteraclis, 246
Veliferida;, 240
Vellitor centropomus, 278
venator, Pseudanthias, 252
veneficus, Zoarchias, 63, 299
venenans, Apistus, 275
Verasper italdi, 309; moseri, 59, 60
verecundus, Spirinchus, 3, 11
vermicularis, Spheroides, 46
veronensis, Eocottus, 342; Gobius, 342
vestenae, Callionymus, 332
Vetter, B., 415
Vilifer, 246
villosus, Hemitripterus, 54
virescens, Cryptops, 127; Eigenmannia,
112, 124, 125, 126, 127, 130, 157, 158,
165, 167, 170, 176, 178, 186, 187, 188,
189, 192, 193; Sternopygus, 127, 165
virgatulus, Ctenogobius, 287
virgatum, Euthyopteroma, 253, 254
viridi-auratus, Macropodus, 42
vitta, Lutianus, 253
vorax, Champsodon, 292
vulgaris, Sparnodus, 335; Trygonobatis,
316
vulpes, Sebastichthys, 51
Wagner, Andreas, 352
wagneri, Microdon, 368; Pycnodus, 368
wakse, Trypauchen, 292
Wakamatsu, T., Governor of Fusan, 3
warmingi, Lampanyctus, 99
Watasea macrops, 304; sivicola, 303
watasei, Diaphus, 67, 94, 95
whiteheadi, Coreoperca, 31
Woodward, A. Smith, 319, 353, 356
xanthonemus, Polydactylus, 40
xanthopterus, Spheroides, 45
xenicus, Calymmichthys, 207, 296
Xesurus scalprum, 266
Xiphias gladius, 341
XiphidiidEe, 298, 420
Xiphiiformes, 323, 340
Xyrichthys seiistius, 206, 263
Xystrias grigorjewi, 309
Yamagata, Vice-governor of Korea, 1, 3
Yamaoka, G., 3
yeddoensis, Scisena, 38
yokahamte, Limanda, 60, 309
INDEX.
449
Zacalles bryope, 298
zacalles, Pterogobius, 289
Zacco mitsukurii, 232; platypus,
sieboldi, 232; temmincki, 21, 232
Zaianthias azumanus, 252
Zanclus, 348; brevirostris, 333
Zebrasoma, 348; deani, 348
Zebrias fasciatus, 60, 61; japonicus,
zebrinus, 61, 311
zebrinus, Zebrias, 61, 311
Zeida;, 44, 264
232;
311;
Zenopsis nebulosa, 264
Zeus japonicus, 44, 264
Zittel, Karl A. von, 353
zitteli, Cestracion, 394
Zoarces elongatus, 299
Zoarchias aculeatus, 63; veneficus, 63, 299
zonatus, Goniistius, 41, 259
zunasi, Harengula, 208; Sardinella, 7
Zunasia chinensis, 7
zygaena, Sphyrna, 4, 207
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